柿竹园矿床S同位素地球化学研究

通过硫同位素低温平衡系统,分析平衡条件下δ~(34)S_(H_2S)与δ34S热液偏差,获得成矿流体的含硫组分以H_2S为主。成矿阶段δ~(34_S值变化范围狭窄,呈塔式分布,具有岩浆硫特征,柿竹园矿床矿石中的硫来自岩浆流体,即千里山花岗岩。硫同位素fO_2—pH值关系图,投影得出350℃时,fO_2为-28.3~-31.5;250℃时,fO_2为-35.4~-37.5。     

专项历史地图资料服务系统建设

详细描述了建设专项历史地图资料数据库及其管理与服务系统的全过程。从需求分析入手,介绍专项历史地图数据库技术架构和总体架构,明确系统开发所涉及的各种技术;描述了历史地图资料数据库建设过程中逻辑模型建立和物理存储应用功能实现。以中国东海南海历史地图资料公众服务系统建设为例,介绍历史地图资料公共服务系统的功能和建设环境。     

Climate projections of spatial variations in coastal storm surges along the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. east coast

Using statistically downscaled atmospheric forcing, we performed a numerical investigation to evaluate future climate's impact on storm surges along the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. east coast. The focus is on the impact of climatic changes in wind pattern and surface pressure while neglecting sea level rise and other factors. We adapted the regional ocean model system(ROMS) to the study region with a mesh grid size of 7–10 km in horizontal and 18 vertical layers. The model was validated by a hindcast of the coastal sea levels in the winter of 2008. Model's robustness was confirmed by the good agreement between model-simulated and observed sea levels at 37 tidal gages. Two 10-year forecasts, one for the IPCC Pre-Industry(PI) and the other for the A1 FI scenario, were conducted. The differences in model-simulated surge heights under the two climate scenarios were analyzed. We identified three types of responses in extreme surge heights to future climate: a clear decrease in Middle Atlantic Bight, an increase in the western Gulf of Mexico, and non-significant response for the remaining area. Such spatial pattern is also consistent with previous projections of sea surface winds and ocean wave heights.     

农作物产量对夏季累积高温的气候响应——以南京市为例

利用南京站1949—2008年逐日气温、逐月降水距平百分率资料及南京市统计年鉴数据,分析农作物产量对夏季累积高温的气候响应特征。结果表明：1949年以来南京市夏季累积高温呈波动上升趋势;最近60年（1949—2008年）和最近30年（1979—2008年）夏季累积高温的线性增长率分别为0.35℃/a和2.88℃/a;夏季累积高温与夏、秋粮产量均存在显著的负相关,相关系数分别为-0.66和-0.62,油料作物对夏季累积高温的变化也有一定的响应,但不如前两者显著,棉花产量对夏季累积高温变化不敏感。     

村镇地理空间数据框架实现软件系统的设计与实现

针对村镇数字化发展的需要,本文研究了构建村镇地理空间数据框架的技术架构和业务流程.在论述村镇地理空间数据框架实现软件系统的设计思想和原则的基础上,设计了系统的总体框架和数据模型,最后本文就系统所能实现的多源数据集成、尺度融合等基本功能进行了详细阐述.     

地震作用下大型地下洞室群位移特征的若干影响因素分析

利用三角级数叠加法,考虑到基岩场地的深度衰减效应,生成了大型地下洞室群非平稳人工地震动加速度时程。然后利用动力时程分析法,对大渡河某水电站大型地下洞室群进行了非线性地震动力响应分析,研究在不同频谱人工地震波作用下地应力特征、峰值加速度和频谱对大型地下洞室群位移特征的影响。分析结果表明,地下洞室群相对位移随着侧压力系数和峰值加速度的增加而略有增加,不同频谱的地震波有着截然不同的位移特征。研究成果对高地震烈度区地下洞室群抗震稳定性分析具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于小波包的地下洞室群地震响应及其频谱特性研究

基于有限差分数值模拟,在合理选择地震动力分析阻尼参数的条件下,开展白鹤滩水电工程13#机组剖面地下洞群围岩地震响应研究,并结合小波包变换方法从加速度峰值及振动能量角度评价了地震波在岩体中的传播规律及洞室群不同区域地震响应的频谱特征。结果表明：地震波传播过程中强度随高程增加而增加,层间错动带有一定减震作用;小波包分解可以较全面地给出地震响应成分的频率分布;地震波的高频分量在岩体传播过程中逐渐衰减;在地下洞室群附近,岩体地震响应的加速度峰值和振动能量频谱特征以1～3 Hz频段为主,其他频段对岩体地震响应影响较小。     

基于DEA_Malmquist的河北省县级粮食生产效率评价

运用DEA模型结合Malmquist指数,从粮食生产"全要素效率"、"技术效率"、"技术进步效率"、"纯技术效率"和"规模效率"5方面对河北省138个县粮食生产效率进行了实证分析.结果表明:1)研究期内河北省粮食生产效率提升很快,各项粮食生产效率相关程度较高,"技术效率"对粮食生产"全要素效率"影响较大,"规模效率"对"技术效率"存在一定影响,其相关系数分别为0.59、0.72.2)省域范围内粮食生产效率空间分布趋势明显,"全要素效率"在东西方向上呈倒"U"型分布趋势,"技术效率"呈一阶分布趋势.3)研究区内138个县粮食生产效率空间分布差异显著,"全要素效率"优势区主要分布在石家庄、衡水等中东部地区,非优势区主要分布在北部地区.河北省未来粮食生产应通过提高农业科技发展水平、增加农民收入、进行有序有效的土地整理等措施,提高粮食生产效率,保证区域粮食安全.     

Decomposition of algal lipids in clay-enriched marine sediment under oxic and anoxic conditions

A series of laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to examine the decomposition of algal organic matter in clay-enriched marine sediment under oxic and anoxic conditions. During the 245-day incubation period, changes in the concentrations of TOC, major algal fatty acid components (14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:1 and 20:5), and n-alkanes (C₁₆–C₂₃) were quantified in the samples. Our results indicate that the organic matters were degraded more rapidly in oxic than anoxic conditions. Adsorption of fatty acids onto clay minerals was a rapid and reversible process. Using a simple G model, we calculated the decomposition rate constants for TOC, n-alkanes and fatty acids which ranged from 0.017–0.024 d⁻¹, 0.049–0.103 d⁻¹ and 0.011 to 0.069 d⁻¹, respectively. Algal organic matter degraded in two stages characterized by a fast and a slow degradation processes. The addition of clay minerals montmorillonite and kaolinite to the sediments showed significant influence affecting the decomposition processes of algal TOC and fatty acids by adsorption and incorporation of the compounds with clay particles. Adsorption/association of fatty acids by clay minerals was rapid but appeared to be a slow reversible process. In addition to the sediment redox and clay influence, the structure of the compounds also played important roles in affecting their degradation dynamic in sediments.     

Assimilation of ASAR data with a hydrologic and semi-empirical backscattering coupled model to estimate soil moisture

The most promising approach for studying soil moisture is the assimilation of observation data and computational modeling.However,there is much uncertainty in the assimilation process,which affects the assimilation results.This research developed a one-dimensional soil moisture assimilation scheme based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter(EnKF)and Genetic Algorithm(GA).A two-dimensional hydrologic model-Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model(DHSVM)was coupled with a semi-empirical backscattering model(Oh).The Advanced Synthetic Apertture Radar(ASAR)data were assimilated with this coupled model and the field observation data were used to validate this scheme in the soil moisture assimilation experiment.In order to improve the assimilation results,a cost function was set up based on the distance between the simulated backscattering coefficient from the coupled model and the observed backscattering coefficient from ASAR.The EnKF and GA were used to re-initialize and re-parameterize the simulation process,respectively.The assimilation results were compared with the free-run simulations from hydrologic model and the field observation data.The results obtained indicate that this assimilation scheme is practical and it can improve the accuracy of soil moisture estimation significantly.