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491.
J. Plomerova L. Vecsey V. Babuska M. Granet U. Achauer 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2005,49(4):541-560
We present results of an array study of seismic anisotropy beneath the Bohemian Massif (BM) showing distinct lateral and directional
variations of the fast shear-wave polarization and split-delay time consistent with variations in the P-residual spheres,
in which directional means of relative residuals are subtracted. Our analysis of the S- and P-wave anisotropy suggests that
the mantle lithosphere of the BM consists of at least three large domains with different orientation of the large-scale fabric
separated by sutures cutting most likely the whole lithosphere. Boundaries of the units are characterised by a null or small
shear-wave splitting, as well as by smaller values in the P-residual spheres. We present self-consistent 3D anisotropic models
of the lithosphere domains of the BM resulting from joint inversion of anisotropic parameters searching for a 3D orientation
of mantle fabric. While in the Saxothuringian and Sudetes parts of the BM the (a, c) foliations dip prevailingly to the N-NW,
they dip to the S and SW in the southern and eastern parts of the Moldanubian. 相似文献
492.
Z. Nadenik 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2005,49(3):277-288
In modern geodesy the triaxial ellipsoid as a generalisation of the ellipsoid of revolution has a significant position in studying the figure of the Earth. Lame surfaces represent a generalisation of the triaxial ellipsoid. The following paragraphs are devoted to curvatures of the Lame surfaces. 相似文献
493.
The importance of sampling frequency in the course of monitoring of mutagenic pollution of small rivers is shown, the Kotorosl River (a tributary of the Volga River) being taken as an example. In working out a sampling program, due consideration should be given for seasonal variations of the river hydrological regime and input of pollutants. Incorrect choice of sampling frequency may lead to one of the principal reasons for improper assessment of toxicogenetic situation. A water sampling program has been proposed for the Kotorosl River studies based on monitoring.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2005, pp. 347–351.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Fomicheva, Prokhorova. 相似文献
494.
A Possible Detection of the 26 December 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake with Solution Products of the International GNSS Service 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Kouba 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2005,49(4):463-483
The main goal of this work is to critically review the IGS solution products and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in order
to demonstrate their potential to contribute to studies of large earthquakes such as the one that devastated Southeast Asia
on December 26th, 2004. In view of a possible detection of the Mw 9.0 Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake of December 26, 2004,
position solutions, ranging from intervals of years to one second, of four International GNSS Service (IGS) stations within
3000 km of the epicenter were examined. The IGS combined, cumulative solution product (IGS04P51), consisting of epoch and
station velocity solutions and based on data spans of several years prior to the earthquake, was used as a reference. Four
IGS combined weekly position solutions (igs04P1301-4), two weeks before and after the earthquake, were utilized for the weekly
solution resolution. PPP static and kinematic solutions with IGS Final combined orbits and clocks were used for the mean daily
and instantaneous 5-min and 1-sec epoch solutions, respectively. The most significant changes, detected by both weekly and
daily solutions occurred in longitude. The nearest IGS station ntus, about 1000 km east of the epicenter, moved westward about
15 mm, while the more distant Indian station iisc (∼ 2300 km NW from the epicenter), shifted about 15 mm eastward. In spite
of position errors caused by interpolation of the 5-min IGS clocks, the 1-sec solutions, based on separate data sets, available
only for two stations (iisc, dgar), still showed seismic surface waves, in particular at the Indian station iisc. Precise
daily IGS combined polar motion and length-of-day products, after correcting for the atmospheric effects, also likely detected,
statistically significant, anomalistic excitations on December 26, 2004 that could be caused by this great earthquake. 相似文献
495.
Mathematical modeling is used to study the conditions of natural biotransformation of biogenic element compounds (containing C, N, P, Si) in five areas within Aniva Bay. The input data for the model are evaluated with the use of GIS “Sakhalin Shelf” and the available reference literature on the bay oceanography. Water masses that transferred through the boundaries between the areas were evaluated based on the values of water level, river runoff, atmospheric precipitation, evaporation, and the volume of water in the bay, all of which vary as a result of water heating. The model was used to evaluate annual variations in the concentrations of organic and mineral fractions of these elements and the biomasses of planktonic organisms for the five areas in the bay. Modeling results also allowed the assessment of biogenic substance input with river runoff into Lososei Bay. Based on the internal fluxes of substances, the monthly and annual aquatic animal production was evaluated. 相似文献
496.
Comparative characteristic of several microelements (Ni, Cu, Sr, Al, Zn, Co, Mn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As) found in fish (case study of breams in the Volga basin reservoirs) is presented. Regularities of accumulation of these elements in fish depending on their concentration in the water are analyzed. Main disturbances in fish caused by the accumulation of microelements in their organs and tissues are considered. 相似文献
497.
498.
The effect of fluids on recrystallization behaviour is well known; however, the detailed microscale distribution of fluid in grain boundaries and the influence of fluid on grain boundary migration are still unresolved. In this study, in‐situ deformation experiments in transmitted light microscopy were undertaken, as this allows continuous and direct observation of the whole range of processes involved in fluid‐assisted grain boundary migration. A new see‐through deformation apparatus was developed to enable the control of fluid pressure. Bischofite containing small amounts of aqueous fluid was deformed at temperatures between 50 and 90 °C, over a range of fluid pressure from 0.5 to 1 MPa, and strain rates of 5 × 10?6 to 1 × 10?4 s?1. The rates of grain boundary migration were measured at different temperatures and strain rates. Detailed observations during and after the deformation illustrate the evolution of migrating fluid‐filled grain boundaries and show that the incorporation of fluids from inclusions as well as their pinch‐off is dependent on the grain boundary velocity, the thickness of the grain boundary and the size and shape of the inclusions. Direct evidence is presented for the contraction of the grain boundary fluids into isolated inclusions after equilibrium conditions are attained. 相似文献
499.
This paper describes palynological evidence for what appears to be comparatively large-scale human impact in the catchment of the Sungai Niah in the wet tropical lowland swamp forests of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo close to the Great Cave of Niah. Pollen associated with cleared landscapes and rice cultivation is evident in the sedimentary record from before 6000 cal yr B.P. Human activity seems to have been associated with changes in sedimentary regime, with peat-dominated environments being replaced diachronously by clay-dominated deposition. This may reflect anthropogenic soil erosion in the catchment of the Sungai Niah. 相似文献
500.
We analyze multicolor observations of the blazar ON 231 obtained during coordinated observations in 1994–2002. On average, the spectral energy distribution of the variable component in the optical range remains constant, and can be represented
by the power law F
ν ∼ ν
−0.85. Since the radiation of the blazar is strongly polarized, there is no doubt that the variable emission that is responsible
for the activity of the blazar is synchrotron radiation. There are small but significant season-to-season variations in the
spectral index. 相似文献