基坑施工对临近运营地铁隧道影响监测的实践

由于受基坑开挖所产生的卸载和基坑降水的影响,临近地铁隧道的受力条件将改变,造成地铁隧道的变形和位移。采用自动化技术实时监测地铁隧道的变形,对保证地铁运营安全至关重要。文中结合广州大马站商业中心项目基坑开挖对临近运营地铁1号线隧道结构变形位移自动监测工程项目的实践,对自动全站仪监测系统在地铁隧道监测方面的系统构建、测量方法、测量精度、监测效果等方面进行论述。实际应用表明,该系统以高精度、自动化的优势,及时提供可靠的动态监测数据,科学指导基坑施工,保证了地铁运营安全,取得良好的效果。     

基于数值模拟的远程工程支持在海洋19-6井的实践

数字化和智能化是钻井工程发展的新方向,但目前仍处于初级阶段。针对海洋19-6井中下部井段存在异常压力层,预测钻井液安全窗口较窄的问题,通过Drillworks软件采用dc指数法和分段测井资料校正法开展了地层随钻压力监测、通过动态跟踪软件Well-Ahead软件结合Landmark软件水力模块校正开展了随钻动态水力（随钻ECD当量密度和起下钻抽汲和“激动”压力分析）监测,保证了井底和套管鞋钻井液循环当量在三压力安全窗口内。通过这种远程数据支持模式的建立,进一步推进了钻井工程数字化进程,有效保证钻井工程安全。     

大兴安岭中部石场山侵入体锆石U-Pb定年及构造意义

对大兴安岭中部石场山侵入体进行了同位素年代学及岩石地球化学研究。测年结果表明,石场山侵入体似斑状细粒(细中粒)二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为201.69±0.72Ma和202.09±0.69Ma,表明该侵入体是晚三叠世侵位形成的。岩石学及地球化学成分显示其属于碱性、过铝质系列花岗岩。岩石具有高硅、富碱、高铁镁比、贫钙、贫镁和低钛特征。稀土元素配分曲线呈现"海鸥式"分布特征,显示强烈的负Eu异常。微量元素特征显示具有较高的Zr、Yb和Y含量,较低的Sr、B含量,微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示明显的Sr、Ba和Ti负异常。以上特征表明,石场山侵入体为铝质A型花岗岩。岩石具有高的Rb/Sr值和Rb/Nb值,显示壳源岩浆的成分特征。综合分析表明,本区似斑状细粒(细中粒)二长花岗岩为低压下长英质地壳部分熔融的产物。根据岩石构造环境判别,结合区域构造演化,认为似斑状细粒(细中粒)二长花岗岩为受前造山期控制下的伸展、裂解作用形成的。     

Research on probability integration parameter inversion of mining-induced surface subsidence based on quantum annealing

Probability integral method is an official prediction method for mining subsidence in China. However, how to obtain the probability integral method parameters based on the measured data is the premise of realizing the accurate prediction of the probability integral method. Simulated annealing (SA) is an effective nonlinear optimization algorithm that has recently been introduced into the mining subsidence field to obtain the parameters of the probability integration method. To solve the problems of slow convergence speed and easily falling into the local optimal solution in the method of parameters inversion in probability integral method based on SA (MPIPIMSA), the method of parameters inversion in probability integral method based on quantum annealing (MPIPIMQA) is proposed by combining the quantum fluctuation mechanism and simulated annealing theory. The simulation experimental results show that MPIPIMQA is superior to MPIPIMSA in the accuracy and stability of parameters, and MPIPIMQA has a stronger anti-interference ability for local losing observation points, random errors and gross errors in observation data. Finally, the parameters of probability integral method for the 1414(1) working face of the Guqiao Coal Mine in Huainan mining area were obtained by using MPIPIMQA, namely, q?=?0.9916, tanβ?=?1.9277, b?=?0.4190, θ?=?84.3381, S_u = ??7.3715, S_d = ??14.7126, S_l = 59.0695, and S_r = 32.6381, and the fitting error is 106.8863 mm. The research results have important reference values for accurate inversion of probability integral parameters.     

Water Security and the Countermeasures in South Asia Based on the “Belt and Road” Initiative

South Asia is the subregion of Asia with the most neighbors of China. Although the high mountains in the Great Himalayas spatially separate South Asia from East Asia along the border of China’s autonomous region of Tibet, the geographical items such as mountains and rivers link the countries in South Asia with China, resulting in a special and complex geopolitical environment and relationship. In this geopolitical relationship, the transboundary rivers are becoming a key issue of this region in an era of increasing water stress. Depleted and degraded transboundary water supplies have the potential to cause social unrest and spark conflict within and between countries in South Asia, and complicate the geopolitical relationship among them. In addition, the increasing impacts from climate change and human activities will definitely bring many transboundary eco-environmental issues in this region, projecting a big challenge to regional stability and development. The key issues related to the water resources supplement and exploration require the transboundary rivers to be a positive role in regional water resources utility and exploration, and the result will definitely affect regional relationship and water security. How to handle these issues and challenges will be a question for the countries in this region with a long time. Currently, the “Belt and Road” Initiative represents an opportunity to build a shared vision for common prosperity through regional cooperation and is a way to inject new positive energy into world peace and development. In the light of this, the countries with transboundary rivers in South Asia must come together to construct a cooperative mechanism of water security, and adopt a win-win cooperation for the use of transboundary rivers under the principles of “equal”, “equitable” and “reasonable”.     

基于目标检测的地质异常信息提取——以湖南香花岭地区为例

卷积神经网络在图像识别领域处于领先地位,在目标检测方面的应用也越来越广泛,其特点是可以提取点与点之间的相关关系。二维地质图中,点与点之间往往存在特定的空间关系,将卷积神经网络技术应用于地质异常信息的提取有其重要性。在讨论卷积神经网络以及基于该技术目标检测算法(YOLO)的基础上,以湖南香花岭地区为例,提取与锡矿成矿相关的构造信息并进行分析,结果该方法能够覆盖原有矿点,有效地定义点与点之间的相关关系,描述点与点之间的空间相关性,可靠地提取与成矿有关的构造线密度信息,在花岗岩体与构造复杂地区圈出地质异常信息。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗早白垩世宝德尔花岗岩伸展穹隆的确定及其地质意义

内蒙古宝德尔穹隆是发育在苏尼特左旗中蒙边境地区的不对称同构造伸展穹隆。该穹隆由内向外由核部早白垩世花岗岩、边缘韧性剪切带和脆性拆离断层组成,上盘为未变形的早二叠世花岗闪长岩、泥盆系片岩和早白垩世盆地,韧性剪切带和拆离断层仅发育在穹隆西南部。区域构造解析和显微构造分析表明,岩体侵位和韧性剪切带形成于同一构造应力场,指示上盘统一向NW方向剪切,变形程度由未变形的岩体核部向外侧逐渐增强,面理的形成与岩体的侵位和隆升过程密切相关。因此,该穹隆和东北亚其他岩浆穹隆相似,是不对称的花岗岩穹隆,反映了区域伸展拆离环境下侵位的同构造花岗岩穹隆的特点。     

基于亮度对比度和暗原色先验原理的白天道路图像能见度检测方法

低能见度是对道路通行影响最为严重的气象要素之一。随着数字摄像技术和图像识别技术的发展以及气象和交通部门间信息共享工作的开展,利用高速公路沿线摄像头视频数据快速识别能见度成为提高能见度时空监测精度的重要手段。本文提出了一种基于亮度对比度和暗原色先验原理的白天道路图像能见度检测方法。首先根据霍夫变换直线检测方法提取道路兴趣域,然后根据亮度对比度方法检测人眼可分辨最远像素点,将其作为目标点,最后基于暗原色先验原理求取目标点的透射率,并根据能见度与消光系数的关系公式求取图像能见度值。利用安徽省京台高速吴玗北段和宁绩高速宁国互通段视频图像资料和邻近交通气象站能见度监测资料,采用绝对误差和能见度等级误差对能见度检测效果进行检验。结果表明,本方法对能见度的变化较为敏感,能见度等级的检测效果较好,准确度可达95%,对开展公路交通视频图像能见度识别工作具有较好借鉴应用意义。     

基于压力烧结法的小尺寸人工冰样制备工艺研究

小尺寸人工冰样主要用于冰的力学特性研究,具有制备程序简单、周期短、成本低、不受季节和地域限制等优点。本文在-3.5~-17.3 ℃温度和10~100 MPa压力条件下开展了雪压力烧结实验研究,采用压力烧结法制备了小尺寸人工冰样,其结果揭示了烧结应力和烧结时间对雪压力烧结过程中的密度演化和冰样最终烧结密度的影响,得出使用压力烧结法来制备冰样时可以选择长时间、低应力、近融点温度或短时间、高应力、低温度的条件,来制备密度为0.917 g/cm³的人工冰样。实验结果验证了压力烧结法制备人工冰样的的可靠性和可重复性,为冰力学特性实验提供了一套切实可行的小尺寸人工冰样制备工艺。