Skyline和3Dmax软件在虚拟校园模型建立中的应用——以云南某学院为例

在介绍相关技术背景的基础上,根据建立虚拟校园模型的特点及业务条件,提出了以Skyline生成的三维地形数据为基础,结合3Dmax创建的校园三维景观模型建立虚拟校园模型的该方案,并成功运用解决方案建立了某学院的虚拟校园模型。     

基于矿物光谱指数的蚀变信息提取——以西藏多龙铜金矿集区ASTER数据为例

矿物光谱指数是利用比值的方法增强Fe和含OH矿物在可见光、短波红外区间的吸收特征,进而提取蚀变矿物信息的一种方法。由于斑岩型矿床的蚀变分带特征明显,西藏多龙矿集区中集中了斑岩型、浅成低温热液型等铜、金矿床,通过矿物光谱指数的计算提取相关蚀变信息,对该区域的下一步找矿具有指导意义。本文采用矿物光谱指数(5+7)/6、(6+9)/8等方法提取了镁、铝两类羟基及铝羟基类下的高岭石等蚀变信息,采用5/4、2/1的方法提取了二价铁、三价铁的蚀变信息。经过与OLI影像采用PCA方法及野外实地勘查采样,证实了利用本文方法所提取的蚀变信息有效。     

三轴应力状态下单裂隙灾水机理的实验研究

介绍了单裂隙试样在不同三轴应力状态下，其导水性能的变化规律，充填物对裂隙导水性的影响，并得出了突水判据。     

青岛榴辉岩相蛇绿混杂岩的岩石学证据及退变质P-T轨迹

青岛榴辉岩相蛇绿混杂岩发育在胶南隆起北缘地缝合线附近,构造侵位于胶南群云母斜长片麻岩中。它主要由斜方辉橄岩、玄武质和玄武安山质火山岩及少量杂砂岩和硅质岩组成。它与一般仰冲蛇绿岩的主要区别是:玄武质和玄武安山质岩石普遍遭受了榴辉岩相变质作用并发生强烈的糜棱岩化和退变质作用。强烈的退变质作用使大部分榴辉岩变为含石榴石石英斜长角闪岩,但仍保留有少量榴辉岩透镜体。它们可能是俯冲陆壳前缘岛弧地壳或岛弧型蛇绿岩残片的推覆体。它的退变质P-T轨迹表明,在其上升过程中热传导速率较高,这可能与该岩石强烈糜棱岩化和含水有关。     

专题地图制图数据处理系统(MDPS)研究

本文把专题制图数据处理(MDPS)作为一个制图系统,从系统背景、系统原理、系统结构、系统功能和系统特点等方面,论述该系统的基本原理和方法,并用实例检验了系统实用性。     

内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗敖兰三队侵入体年龄及地球化学特征

内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗敖兰三队侵入体的同位素年代学及岩石地球化学研究表明,敖兰三队侵入体巨晶正长花岗岩具有低Sr、高Yb型花岗岩特征,其LA-ICP-MS锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为220±1Ma,表明该侵入体是晚三叠世早期侵位形成的。岩石高硅、富碱、高铁镁比、贫钙、贫镁和低钛;稀土元素配分曲线呈现"海鸥式"分布特征,显示强烈的Eu负异常。微量元素特征显示较低的Sr、Ba含量,较高的Yb、Zr和Y含量,在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上显示明显的Sr、Ba和Ti的负异常。岩石具有高的Rb/Sr和Rb/Nb,显示出壳源岩浆的成分特征。综合分析表明,本区巨晶正长花岗岩为低压下地壳部分熔融的产物。根据(Y+Nb)-Rb、(Yb+Ta)-Rb、Nb-Y-Ce三角图解,并结合区域构造演化,认为巨晶正长花岗岩形成于造山后伸展的构造环境。在中—晚三叠世,内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗地区构造体制经历了重要的转变,由挤压体制转变为造山后软流圈上涌、岩石圈减薄。     

Fitting boxes to Manhattan scenes using linear integer programming

We propose an approach for automatic generation of building models by assembling a set of boxes using a Manhattan-world assumption. The method first aligns the point cloud with a per-building local coordinate system, and then fits axis-aligned planes to the point cloud through an iterative regularization process. The refined planes partition the space of the data into a series of compact cubic cells (candidate boxes) spanning the entire 3D space of the input data. We then choose to approximate the target building by the assembly of a subset of these candidate boxes using a binary linear programming formulation. The objective function is designed to maximize the point cloud coverage and the compactness of the final model. Finally, all selected boxes are merged into a lightweight polygonal mesh model, which is suitable for interactive visualization of large scale urban scenes. Experimental results and a comparison with state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.     

Two Necessary Conditions for the Glacial-Interglacial Cycles in the Quaternary

Milankovitch Theory shows that glacial-interglacial cycles in the Quaternary are related to the variation of solar insolation forcing linked to the earth's astronomical parameters.However,the summer insolation at northern high latitudes,usually considered as the main external forcing for the ice age as Milankovitch pointed out,is marked by the 19- and 23-ka precession periodicities,which is not consistent with the glacial-interglacial cycles.On the other hand,recent studies indicate that the annual mean ...     

Separating climate change and human contributions to variations in streamflow and its components using eight time‐trend methods

Separating impacts of human activities and climate change on hydrology is essential for watershed and ecosystem management. Many previous studies have focused on the impacts on total streamflow, however, with little attentions paid to its components (i.e., baseflow and surface run‐off). This study distinguished the contributions of climate change and human activities to the variations in streamflow, baseflow, and surface run‐off in the upstream area of the Heihe River Basin, a typical inland river basin in northwest China, by using eight different forms of time‐trend methods. The isolated contributions to streamflow variation were also compared with those obtained by two Budyko‐based approaches. Our results showed that the time‐trend methods consistently estimated positive contributions of climate variability and human activities to the increases in streamflow and its components but with obviously varying magnitudes. With regard to streamflow, the time‐trend method double‐mass‐curve–Wei, with a physical basis, produced a reasonable smaller contribution of human activities than climate changes, inconsistent with the Budyko‐based approaches. However, all the other time‐trend methods led to contrary results. The contributions to baseflow variation diverged more significantly than those to streamflow and surface run‐off, ranging from 24% to 92% for human activities and from 8% to 76% for climate variability. In terms of surface run‐off, most of the time‐trend approaches produced smaller contributions of human activities (ranging from 21% to 49%) than climate change. The uncertainties associated with the various time‐trend approaches and the baseflow separation algorithm were revealed and discussed, along with some recommendations for future work.     

中国土地利用变化遥感研究的回顾与展望——基于陈述彭学术思想的引领

20世纪80年代以来中国社会经济快速发展带来的工业化、城市化正深刻影响着中国土地利用空间格局并影响到区域和国家生态与环境状况。在陈述彭先生指导下,1992年以来中国科学院建立起了完整的土地利用/覆盖变化遥感监测与数据分析技术路线,以及独特的分类体系和动态区划体系,奠定了中国LUCC信息平台的基础。本文在系统回顾陈述彭学术思想指导中国LUCC研究的基础上,面向国家需求与国际科技前沿梳理了我国LUCC研究的核心科学问题,并总结了中国科学院团队在最近20年LUCC研究取得的成果,包括土地利用/覆盖动态时空表征与分析模型、土地利用/覆盖变化过程及驱动机制、基于大数据和云计算的土地利用/覆盖变化探测方法、城市土地利用变化的区域气候/生态效应、气候变化与土地利用变化对农田生态系统的影响、林业活动的区域气候/生态效应,在此基础上对未来LUCC研究的前景进行了展望。