广西大瑶山古罗碱性辉长岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石学、地球化学及其构造意义

古罗碱性辉长岩体包括古罗、黄羌冲两个侵入体,主要由辉长岩、石英辉长岩(或石英闪长岩)组成。岩石以富碱、富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、轻稀土元素(LREE)和高场强元素(HFSE),无Nb、Ta异常,是典型的板内钾玄岩。对古罗辉长岩体进行了高精度的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得石英辉长岩的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为165.63±0.95 Ma。研究认为古罗碱性辉长岩体形成于中侏罗世,属典型的板内钾玄岩,形成于大陆地壳伸展拉张减薄的构造背景,为燕山期早期华南后造山阶段的地质记录。     

碳酸岩岩浆作用过程的包裹体研究

碳酸岩是一种富含碳酸盐矿物(方解石，白云石，铁白云石等＞50％以上)的火成岩。通常以侵入的方式，与超基性岩和碱性岩共生，位于环状侵人体的中心部位；或以喷出的方式，与碱性岩等构成环状杂岩体。碳酸岩在喷出或侵入过程中，与上部地壳围岩发生以富含碱质(钠或钾)为主的蚀变作用，形成特征性的蚀变岩石——霓长岩。通过对碳酸岩中的包裹体研究，可以获得包括成岩成矿时的温度、压力、密度、流体组分、流体演化等大量信息。碳酸岩矿物中包裹体的研究已取得很大进展，并为了解碳酸岩岩浆演化性质和特征提供了许多重要的信息：(1)碳酸岩可以形成于流体和熔体两种介质条件下；(2)碳酸岩矿物中包裹体富含CO2；(3)在碳酸岩的起源和演化过程中伴随有岩浆的不混溶作用发生；(4)碳酸岩岩浆具有的较低的粘度和密度。为了保证对从碳酸岩中获得的包裹体资料的合理解释，在研究过程中必须结合碳酸岩产出的大地构造背景、典型岩石组合、典型蚀变岩石(霓长岩)、赋存的矿产特征等方面的资料。虽然目前在包裹体研究方面尚有许多不足，但作为自然界唯一能够保存有原始成岩成矿流体的地质样品，包裹体的研究具有其他方法不可替代的作用。     

基于地球化学基线的土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价

地球化学基线是区分地球化学背景和异常的重要参数。在采集和测试德兴地区约5000km^2面积的479个表层土壤样品基础上，采用标准化方法确定了样品中Cu，Pb，Zn，Cd，Cr，As和Hg等7种重金属元素的基线值，并以基线作为潜在生态风险评价的参比值，对德兴地区土壤重金属污染进行潜在生态风险评价。结果表明：研究区可划分为3个潜在生态风险等级：轻微生态风险、中等生态风险和强生态风险，强生态风险区主要分布在德兴铜矿和钟家山煤矿等矿业活动区附近。其他大部分地区为轻微生态风险区。     

东天山喀尔力克康古尔塔格组火山岩特征

准噶尔板块南缘喀尔力克古生代岛弧带内的中泥盆世火山活动较为频繁,喷发韵律主要为溢流-沉积及爆发-沉积,每次火山活动后均有停歇间断,间歇期沉积火山碎屑沉积岩和正常沉积岩.爆发相中岩石出现较多的熔结凝灰岩,沉积相中出现植物化石,是陆相火山-沉积体系的特点.火山喷发系数由西向东为61.94%~30%,其中具溢流相岩石减少,爆发岩相增多的演变特点,根据岩石化学、地球化学特征综合分析研究,反映火山活动具陆缘弧构造环境的特征.除上述火山岩相外,还存在古火山机构——火山颈相的岩石,具中心式火山喷发的特点.     

Petrogenesis of a Late Jurassic Peraluminous Volcanic Complex and its High-Mg, Potassic, Quenched Enclaves at Xiangshan, Southeast China

A late Mesozoic belt of volcanic–intrusive complexes occursin SE China. Volcanic activity at Xiangshan in the NW of thebelt took place mainly in the Late Jurassic (158–135 Ma).The volcanic rocks from the Xiangshan volcanic complex includerhyolitic crystal tuffs, welded tuffs, rhyolite lavas, porphyriticlavas, and associated subvolcanic rocks. Mineral assemblagesin these magmatic rocks include K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz,Fe-rich biotite and minor amphibole, orthopyroxene and almandine.Mineral geothermometry indicates a high crystallization temperature(>850°C) for the Xiangshan magmas. The volcanic rocksare generally peraluminous; SiO₂ contents are between 65·4%and 76·8% and the samples have high alkalis, rare earthelements (REE), high field strength elements and Ga contentsand high Ga/Al ratios, but are depleted in Ba, Sr and transitionmetals. Trace element geochemistry and Sr–Nd–O isotopesystematics imply that the Xiangshan magmas were probably derivedfrom partial melting of Middle Proterozoic metamorphic lower-crustalrocks that had been dehydrated during an earlier thermal event.These features suggest an A-type affinity. Quenched mafic enclaves,hosted by the subvolcanic rocks, consist mainly of alkali feldspar,plagioclase, clinopyroxene, phlogopite and amphibole. Geothermometrycalculations indicate that the primary magmas that chilled toform the quenched enclaves had anomalously high temperatures(>1200°C). The quenched enclaves have boninitic affinities;for example, intermediate SiO₂ contents, high MgO and low TiO₂contents, high Mg-numbers and high concentrations of Sc, Ni,Co and V. However, they also have shoshonitic characteristics,e.g. enrichment in alkalis, high K₂O contents with high K₂O/Na₂Oratios, high light REE and large ion lithophile element contents,low initial _Nd values (–4·2) and high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Srratios (0·7081). We suggest a phlogopite-bearing spinelharzburgitic lithospheric mantle source for these high-Mg potassicmagmas. Underplating of such anomalously high-temperature magmascould have induced granulite-facies lower-crustal rocks to partiallymelt and generate the Xiangshan A-type volcanic suite. A back-arcextensional setting, related to subduction of the Palaeo-Pacificplate, is favoured to explain the petrogenesis of the Xiangshanvolcanic complex and quenched enclaves. KEY WORDS: volcanic complex; quenched enclaves; petrology; geochemistry; back-arc extension setting; Xiangshan; SE China     

土壤湿度对东亚夏季气候潜在可预报性影响的数值模拟

利用全球大气环流模式NCARCAM3进行了在给定的观测海温条件下的22a（1979—2000年）5—8月的2组集合试验。运用方差分析方法,分析了在气候态和年际变化的表层土壤湿度情况下,CAM3模式模拟的东亚夏季气候潜在可预报性及其差异。结果表明：在给定的观测海温条件下,采用气候态的土壤湿度时,CAM3模式模拟的东亚夏季气候的潜在可预报性偏低;而采用年际变化的土壤湿度时,模拟的夏季气候潜在可预报性有所提高,尤其是在中国西北地区;后者模拟的中国西北地区夏季降水和气温的潜在可预报性比前者的模拟结果提高0．1以上。其原因可能是：采用年际变化的土壤湿度时,模式可以更好地模拟出中国西北地区的地表蒸发量和湍流热通量的年际变化,进而使得模式对该地区夏季气候的预报技巧得到提高。     

EFFECTS OF PACIFIC SSTA ON SUMMER PRECIPITATION OVER EASTERN CHINA, PART Ⅰ: OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS

With the methods of REOF (Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function), the summer precipitation from 43 stations over eastern China for the 1901 - 2000 period was examined. The results show that South China and Southwest China, the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River, North China and the southwestern of Northeast China are the three main areas of summer rainfall anomaly. Furthermore, correlation analysis is used in three time series of three mostly summer rainfall modes and four seasonal Pacific SSTA (Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly), and the results suggest that the Pacific SSTA which notably causes the summer rainfall anomaly over eastern China are the SSTA of the preceding winter over Kuroshio region of Northwest Pacific, SSTA of the preceding spring in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific, and SSTA of the current summer in the central region of middle latitude. The relationship between summer precipitation over eastern China and SSTA of Pacific key regions was further verified by SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) analysis.The composite analysis was used to analyze the features of atmospheric general circulation in the years of positive and negative precipitation anomaly. Its results were used to serve as the base of numerical simulation analysis.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定黑钨矿精矿和中矿中的锰

样品采用过氧化钠熔融,酒石酸络合提取,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定黑钨精矿和中矿中的锰含量,碱熔络合体系避免了酸处理样品时大量钨酸沉淀的生成,解决了钨酸沉淀导致的溶矿不完全和夹杂、吸附待测元素的问题。在优化的工作条件下,方法检出限为0.019μg/mL,精密度(RSD,n=11)为0.92%～1.50%,并且具有较高的回收率(97.5%～104.0%),单次测定结果与协同定值结果的偏差小于国家标准GB/T 6150.14—2008硫酸亚铁铵法实验室间允许差。方法简便快速,无明显基体干扰,满足了国家标准黑钨精矿中锰的检测要求,可用于高、中品位钨矿石样品中低含量锰的准确测定。     

湖相碳酸盐岩研究现状及意义

目前湖相碳酸盐岩是国内外沉积学研究的薄弱环节。本文在众多专家学者历年研究成果的基础上，综述了湖相碳酸盐岩的研究现状，其主要体现在岩石类型、分布及发育特点、相模式、储集层和生油岩几个方面；并阐明了湖相碳酸盐岩的研究具有重要的理论和经济意义。     

四川盆地川中地区中下侏罗统砂岩储层异常致密成因机理

四川盆地川中地区中下侏罗统砂岩储层现今埋藏深度一般在1 500～3 000 m,但砂岩致密化程度异常偏高,其平均孔隙度小于5%,平均渗透率小于1×10-3μm2,为典型的超低孔、超低渗储层。岩石显微镜下成岩作用特征及压实与胶结作用的减孔强度统计结果显示,强压实作用（包括压溶作用）是导致砂岩储层异常致密的主要原因。利用砂...