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61.
62.
A possible mechanism of the ascent of material within the Earth’s crust and mantle is the mechanism of hydroextrusion, i.e.,
the effect of squeezing of material under excess pressure. The major factors that predetermine the high plasticity of the
material and its ability to produce hydroextrusions are high lithostatic pressures and temperatures. The phenomenon of hydroextrusion
can be most clearly illustrated by the example of the origin of salt diapirs. The driving force of hydroextrusions of material
in the crust and mantle is excess pressure, which can result from lateral differences between the densities of rocks (as is
the case during the development of salt diapirs) and phase transitions associated with a volume increase. When the material
of the upper mantle undergoes partial melting with the derivation of basaltic melts at depths of 60–100 km, excess pressures
reach 80 MPa, whereas the plasticity limit of 20% melted rocks is no higher than 5 MPa. As a result, the partially molten
material is forced from the melting region toward zones with lower lithostatic pressures. A local temperature increase in
the transitional zones in the Earth’s mantle at positive dP/dT values of the phase transitions also gives rise to excess pressures, whose values can range from 100 to 800 MPa at a 0.5–3.0%
volume change and which can be the driving force during the origin of mantle plumes.
Original Russian Text ? V.N. Anfilogov, Yu.V. Khachai, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 8, pp. 873–878. 相似文献
63.
P.L. Dharmapriya Sanjeewa P.K. Malaviarachchi Leo M. Kriegsman K. Sajeev Andrea Galli Y. Osanai N.D. Subasinghe C.B. Dissanayake 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(5):1115-1133
Here we report the occurrence of garnet porphyroblasts that have overgrown alternating silica-saturated and silica deficient microdomains via different mineral reactions. The samples were collected from ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metapelites in the Highland Complex, Sri Lanka. In some of the metapelites, garnet crystals have cores formed via a dehydration reaction, which had taken place at silica-saturated microdomains and mantle to rim areas formed via a dehydration reaction at silica-deficient microdomains. In contrast, some other garnets in the same rock cores had formed via a dehydration reaction which occurred at silica-deficient microdomains while mantle to rim areas formed via a dehydration reaction at silica-saturated microdomains. Based on the textural observations, we conclude that the studied garnets have grown across different effective bulk compositional microdomains during the prograde evolution. These microdomains could represent heterogeneous compositional layers (paleobedding/laminations) in the precursor sediments or differentiated crenulation cleavages that existed during prograde metamorphism. UHT metamorphism associated with strong ductile deformation, metamorphic differentiation and crystallization of locally produced melt may have obliterated the evidence for such microdomains in the matrix. The lack of significant compositional zoning in garnet probably due to self-diffusion during UHT metamorphism had left mineral inclusions as the sole evidence for earlier microdomains with contrasting chemistry. 相似文献
64.
N. V. Makarova V. M. Makeev T. V. Sukhanova P. S. Miklyaev A. L. Dorozhko I. V. Korobova 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2012,67(4):209-217
The neotectonic structures of the Lower Oka (Nizhneokskii) Region formed under different geodynamic conditions. This is attested by the morphology, orientation, internal structure, and jointing of the structures. The Oka-Tsna arc formed under the effect of tension from an inner source on the one hand and stress from the Alpian belt on the other hand. The latitudinally-oriented structures of the northwestern slope of the Tokmovo arc emerged as a result of uplift and widening. Both types of structure are combined within the limits of the Oka-Murom trough, which is a geodynamically active zone. 相似文献
65.
66.
Spectrum–Röntgen–Gamma (SRG) is a space observatory designed to observe astrophysical objects in the X-ray range of the electromagnetic spectrum. SRG is planned to be launched in 2019 by a Proton-M launch vehicle with a DM3 upper stage. The spacecraft will be delivered to an orbit around the Sun–Earth collinear libration point L2 located at a distance of ~1.5 million km from the Earth. Although the SRG launch scheme has already been determined at present, in this paper we consider an alternative spacecraft transfer scenario using a lunar gravity-assist maneuver. The proposed scenario allows a oneimpulse transfer from a low Earth orbit to a small-amplitude orbit around the libration point to be performed while fulfilling the technical constraints and the scientific requirements of the mission. 相似文献
67.
A model is proposed that shows the relation of the block structure of the crust and earthquake sources (Sadovskii, 1979; Rodionov, 1979, 1984, 1994; Bugaev, 1999, 2011, 2014, 2015). The model can formalize how to assess the prediction of seismic regime parameters depending on the elastic limit and conditions and rate of deformation of the Earth’s crust. The spent nuclear fuel repository site in Olkiluoto (Finland) and a site in the area of the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine are considered as examples. It is demonstrated that the parameters of the prediction graphs limit the location of the points of magnitude repeatability graphs calculated for a site based on samples of earthquakes in the area according to different authors. This makes it possible to recommend predictive assessment of seismic regime parameters for stability monitoring of the seismic regime and safety analysis of a geological environment’s insulation properties for waste sites from the results of seismological monitoring and high-precision observations of modern movements of the Earth’s crust. 相似文献
68.
M. I. Vitorino P. L. da Silva Dias N. J. Ferreira 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2006,93(1-2):17-35
Summary Atmospheric variability in outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) and tropospheric relative vorticity (VOR) over the South American
region was studied from 1979 to 1996 using the complex Morlet wavelet function. The analyses focus on spatial variation in
intraseasonal and submonthly scales. Scalograms were used to measure submonthly intraseasonal oscillations in convection,
which were found to be predominant in the tropical regions. However, 7-day and 15-day oscillations were observed at tropical
and extratropical latitudes in spring and winter, indicating that transient disturbances play a more prominent role. Regarding
VOR, tropical energy intensities were highest in the spring and summer, whereas subtropical and extratropical energy intensities
were highest in the autumn and winter. The dynamics of the 25-day and 45-day VOR oscillations indicates a possible correlation
with Rossby waves over the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, mainly during the summer. During winter, the 7-day and 15-day VOR
oscillations are more frequent at higher latitudes and are enhanced along storm tracks. It was also observed that convection
amplitudes in the regions of maximum intensity change appreciably from year to year and from season to season, showing that
the behavior of the submonthly and intraseasonal oscillations is nonperiodic and correlates strongly with El Ni?o/Southern
Oscillation years. These results confirm the efficiency of wavelet analysis for time-scale studies of atmospheric variability. 相似文献
69.
Possible orbits for the motion of a region in the gravitational field of the central body of the galaxy NGC 4151 are presented.
The region is manifest through its line emission, observed in the red wing of the Hα, Pβ, and other broad lines. We carried out a computer selection of all Keplerian orbits for which the measured radial velocities
of the emission-line region could be observed. We used radial-velocity data obtained by us at the Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute,
as well as data from the literature. The computation results can be used to determine the mass range for the central body
of NGC 4151 that provides the best agreement with the observational data: (61–65)× 106
M
⊙. Suitably designed monitoring of active galactic nuclei can be used to verify these results, and to carry out similar analyses
for other Seyfert galaxies. 相似文献
70.
Microbial community dynamics and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in polluted marine sediments in Hong Kong 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dynamics of microbial community and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in polluted marine sediments, artificially spiked with a mixture of PAHs (fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene), were examined for a period of 60 days. Microbial communities were characterised by bacterial counts, ester-linked fatty acid methyl ester (EL-FAME) analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A noted reduction in species diversity occurred only in the high PAH level treatment at onset. Both EL-FAME and DGGE demonstrated a marked shift in microbial community, in all the PAH level treatments, afterwards, with increases in the number of fatty acid degraders, the relative abundance of fatty acid biomarkers for gram-negative bacteria and a decrease in species diversity. The shift was also accompanied by the significant decrease in PAH concentrations. By the end of the experiment, diversity indices, based on both approaches, recovered when PAH concentrations declined to their background levels, except in the high PAH level treatment. 相似文献