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381.
Fouad Ibrahim 《GeoJournal》1998,46(2):135-140
Two ethnic groups of North Darfur, the Zaghawa and the Midob, are being compared as regards their migration behaviour and
their identification in their destination areas. Both groups have severely suffered as a result of the drought phase of the
last three decades, during which more than half of the Zaghawa and Midob have migrated southwards and to the towns.
Despite the similarity of the two ethnic groups, being non-Arab agropastoralists who are socially and politically marginalised
both within Darfur and within the Sudan, they show marked differences in their migration behaviour and ethnic solidarity.
The Zaghawa migrants are considerably more economically successful than the Midob migrants. The main reasons are:
– The Zaghawa started their outmigration earlier than the Midob. Thus, they could establish ethnically-based networks in Libya
and the Gulf countries, to which Zaghawa migrants can resort to make a good start in their destination areas. By the time
the Midob started their migration in the 1980s, the conditions of employment in the Arab oil countries had worsened.
– The Zaghawa show a strong clan solidarity. They readily lend money to young members of their clan to cover the high costs
of travelling to the Arab oil countries for work, where many of them have already established themselves.
– The Midob, both in the Sudan and abroad, have much less resources available. The only country open for them outside the
Sudan is Libya. Lacking capital, the Midob go there on camels, mostly illegally. Having no connections in Libya, except those
to other poor Midob there, they usually try to work in herding sheep and goats, which is not a lucrative profession.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
382.
Mohamed Adel Sharaf 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1993,60(1):47-58
In this paper of the series, the time transform and the explicit exact forms of the time will be established in terms of the sectorial variables
j
(i)
introduced in Paper IV (Sharaf, 1982) to regularize the highly oscillating perturbation force. Simple recurrence formulae are given to facilitate the computations. The formulations are general in the sense that they are valid whatever the types and the number of sectors forming the divisions situation of the elliptic orbit may be. Moreover, the constants of integration for the explicit forms of the time are determined in a way that it gives for these forms its generality during any revolution of the body in its Keplerian orbit. 相似文献
383.
The Jordanian chabazite-phillipsite tuff and faujasite-phillipsite tuff have suitable mineralogical and technical properties that enable them to be used for ion-exchange processes. These include suitable grain size and total cation exchange capacity, acceptable zeolite content, good attrition resistance and high packed-bed density. The chabazite-phillipsite tuff (ZE1 and ZE2) has an excellent efficiency to remove Pb and an acceptable efficiency to remove Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni from effluent wastewater of a battery factory and other industries. The faujasite-phillipsite tuff (ZE3) is 6.97 times more efficient than the ZE1 and ZE2. A bed of ZE3 (1,000 kg) loaded in a 1.17-m3 column is capable of cleaning about 2,456 m3 of the effluent from the factory at a cost of US $200/ton. The wastewater is contaminated with 20 ppm Pb in the presence of competing ions including Ca (210 ppm), Na (1,950 ppm) and Fe (169 ppm). This quantity of wastewater is equivalent to 120 working days of effluent discharge from the factory at a flow rate of 20 m3/day. 相似文献
384.
Mohamed Adel Sharaf 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1979,63(2):295-317
General integral transform of the exponential integralsE
n
is considered and will be denoted asB
(k)
n
(). Different expressions and the equations satisfied byB
(k)
n
are developed. Two-term recurrence formula forB
(k)
n
(0) and three-term recurrence formula forB
(k)
n
(); 0 will be established for a givenk1 andn=2,3, ...,N. The computational algorithms based on these formulae are also constructed for the casesk=1,2,3, andn2. Finally the numerical results fork=2,3 andn=2(1)25 are presented to 15-digit accuracy 相似文献
385.
Seismic hazard in Northern Algeria using spatially smoothed seismicity. Results for peak ground acceleration 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Seismic hazard in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA) has been evaluated in northern Algeria using spatially smoothed seismicity data. We present here a preliminary seismic zoning in northern Algeria as derived from the obtained results.Initially, we have compiled an earthquake catalog of the region taking data from several agencies. Afterwards, we have delimited seismic areas where the b and mmax parameters are different. Finally, by applying the methodology proposed by Frankel [Seismol. Res. Lett. 66 (1995) 8], and using four complete and Poissonian seismicity models, we are able to compute the seismic hazard maps in terms of PGA with 39.3% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years.A significant result of this work is the observation of mean PGA values of the order of 0.20 and 0.45 g, for return periods of 100 and 475 years, respectively, in the central area of the Tell Atlas. 相似文献
386.
387.
Hassan Echarfaoui Mohamed Hafid Abdallah Aı̈t Salem Aı̈t Fora Abderrahmane 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):371-377
The review of the seismic reflection and well data from the coastal Abda Basin (western Morocco) shows that its Triassic and Jurassic sequences were deposited in a submeridean sag basin, whose eastern margin is characterised by progressive truncations and pinching out of these sequences against a prominent Palaeozoic high. The uplift of this latter is interpreted as a response to an Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic local compressional event that controlled Triassic–Jurassic sedimentation within the Abda Basin. The present day ‘West Meseta Flexure’ is a surface expression of this uplift. To cite this article: H. Echarfaoui et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 371–377. 相似文献
388.
Nadia Mzoughi Fayçal Hellal Mohamed Dachraoui Jean-Pierre Villeneuve Chantal Cattini Stephen J de Mora Amor El Abed 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):893-901
The marine environment is very complex, with several important chemical, biological, and sedimentological interactions. Sediments constitute a reservoir for numerous pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are known by their mutagenic and/or carcinogenic effect. This study evaluates contamination levels in Bizerte Lagoon with respect to PAHs. The extraction efficiency of PAHs from sediment has been evaluated using Soxhlet or ultrasonic procedures, based on the recovery of an internal standard (9,10-dihydroanthracene). Several PAHs were found, including sixteen that are reported in the priority list of pollutants of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). PAHs analysis was carried out by GC–FID and GC–MS for 16 samples sampled in two seasons: summer and winter. Results permit an assessment of PAHs pollution in the Bizerte Lagoon. To cite this article: N. Mzoughi et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 893–901. 相似文献
389.
Fluid Inclusions in the Gold—Bearing Quartz Veins at Um Rus Area,Eastern Desert,Egypt 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
MOHAMEDELTOKHI ABDALLAELMUSLEM 《中国地球化学学报》2002,21(2):131-139
Fluid inclusions in the gold-bearing quartz veins at the Um Rus area are of three types: H2O, H2O−CO2 and CO2 inclusions. H2O inclusions are the most abundant, they include two phases which exhibit low and high homogenization temperatures ranging
from 150 to 200°C and 175 to 250°C, respectively. The salinity of aqueous inclusions, based on ice melting, varies between
6.1 and 8 equiv. wt% NaCl. On the other hand, H2O−CO2 fluid inclusions include three phases. Their total homogenization temperatures range from 270 to 325°C, and their salinity,
based on clathrate melting, ranges between 0.8 and 3.8 equiv. wt% NaCl. CO2 fluid inclusions homogenize to a liquid phase and exhibit a low density range from 0.52 to 0.66 g/cm3. The partial mixing of H2O−CO2 and salt H2O−NaCl fluid inclusions is the main source of fluids from which the other types of inclusions were derived. The gold-bearing
quartz veins are believed to be of medium temperature hydrothermal convective origin. 相似文献
390.
The impact of the wastewater input of Médiouna agglomeration (southeastern area of Casablanca) on the diatom flora and water quality of Oued Hassar stream (Morocco) was studied from July 1997 to August 1998. This wastewater effluent, which was highly loaded with ammonia, orthophosphates and organic matters, had disturbed the diatom assemblages structure and water quality of this stream.The study of the epilithic algal assemblages revealed the presence of 130 taxa of diatoms, 21 of which, according to the available literature, were recorded for the first time in the Moroccan inland waters. Almost all the latter taxa are mesohalobic or oligohalobic-indifferent. Nitzschia inconspicua Grun. was the most abundant species (47.7%) and grows particularly at the source of the stream. Navicula subminuscula Manguin, Nitzschia capitellata Hust. and Nitzschia desertorum Hust. have their dominance in the highly polluted zones, especially downstream the wastewater input. 相似文献