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971.
Tamás Mikes Dominik Christ Rüdiger Petri István Dunkl Dirk Frei Mária Báldi-Beke Joachim Reitner Klaus Wemmer Hazim Hrvatović Hilmar von Eynatten 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2008,101(1):31-54
Sandwiched between the Adriatic Carbonate Platform and the Dinaride Ophiolite Zone, the Bosnian Flysch forms a c. 3000 m thick, intensely folded stack of Upper Jurassic to Cretaceous mixed carbonate and siliciclastic sediments in the Dinarides. New petrographic, heavy mineral, zircon U/Pb and fission-track data as well as biostratigraphic evidence allow us to reconstruct the palaeogeology of the source areas of the Bosnian Flysch basin in late Mesozoic times. Middle Jurassic intraoceanic subduction of the Neotethys was shortly followed by exhumation of the overriding oceanic plate. Trench sedimentation was controlled by a dual sediment supply from the sub-ophiolitic high-grade metamorphic soles and from the distal continental margin of the Adriatic plate. Following obduction onto Adria, from the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition onwards a vast clastic wedge (Vranduk Formation) was developed in front of the leading edge, fed by continental basement units of Adria that experienced Early Cretaceous synsedimentary cooling, by the overlying ophiolitic thrust sheets and by redeposited elements of coeval Urgonian facies reefs grown on the thrust wedge complex. Following mid-Cretaceous deformation and thermal overprint of the Vranduk Formation, the depozone migrated further towards SW and received increasing amounts of redeposited carbonate detritus released from the Adriatic Carbonate Platform margin (Ugar Formation). Subordinate siliciclastic source components indicate changing source rocks on the upper plate, with ophiolites becoming subordinate. The zone of the continental basement previously affected by the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous thermal imprint has been removed; instead, the basement mostly supplied detritus with a wide range of pre-Jurassic cooling ages. However, a c. 80 Ma, largely synsedimentary cooling event is also recorded by the Ugar Formation, that contrasts the predominantly Early Cretaceous cooling of the Adriatic basement and suggests, at least locally, a fast exhumation. 相似文献
972.
Jeremy M. Testa W. Michael Kemp Walter R. Boynton James D. Hagy III 《Estuaries and Coasts》2008,31(6):1021-1037
We conducted a quantitative assessment of estuarine ecosystem responses to reduced phosphorus and nitrogen loading from sewage
treatment facilities and to variability in freshwater flow and nonpoint nutrient inputs to the Patuxent River estuary. We
analyzed a 19-year dataset of water quality conditions, nutrient loading, and climatic forcing for three estuarine regions
and also computed monthly rates of net production of dissolved O2 and physical transport of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) using a salt- and water-balance model.
Point-source loading of DIN and DIP to the estuary declined by 40–60% following upgrades to sewage treatment plants and correlated
with parallel decreases in DIN and DIP concentrations throughout the Patuxent. Reduced point-source nutrient loading and concentration
resulted in declines in phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and light-saturated carbon fixation, as well as in bottom-layer O2 consumption for upper regions of the estuary. Despite significant reductions in seaward N transport from the middle to lower
estuary, chl-a, turbidity, and surface-layer net O2 production increased in the lower estuary, especially during summer. This degradation of water quality in the lower estuary
appears to be linked to a trend of increasing net inputs of DIN into the estuary from Chesapeake Bay and to above-average
river flow during the mid-1990s. In addition, increased abundance of Mnemiopsis leidyi significantly reduced copepod abundance during summer from 1990 to 2002, which favored increases in chl-a and allowed a shift in total N partitioning from DIN to particulate organic nitrogen. These analyses illustrate (1) the value
of long-term monitoring data, (2) the need for regional scale nutrient management that includes integrated estuarine systems,
and (3) the potential water quality impacts of altered coastal food webs. 相似文献
973.
Coastal Habitat Use and Residency of Juvenile Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae)
John K. Carlson Michelle R. Heupel Dana M. Bethea Lisa D. Hollensead 《Estuaries and Coasts》2008,31(5):931-940
Coastal habitat use and residency of a coastal bay by juvenile Atlantic sharpnose sharks, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, were examined by acoustic monitoring, gillnet sampling, and conventional tag–recapture. Acoustic monitoring data were used to define the residency and movement patterns of sharks within Crooked Island Sound, Florida. Over 3 years, sharks were monitored for periods of 1–37 days, with individuals regularly moving in and out of the study site. Individual sharks were continuously present within the study site for periods of 1–35 days. Patterns of movement could not be correlated with time of day. Home range sizes were typically small (average?=?1.29 km2) and did not vary on a yearly basis. Gillnet sampling revealed that juvenile Atlantic sharpnose sharks were present in all habitat types found within Crooked Island Sound, and peaks in abundance varied depending on month within a year. Although telemetry data showed that most individuals remained within the study site for short periods of time before emigrating, conventional tag–recapture data indicates some individuals return to Crooked Island Sound after extended absences (maximum length?=?1,352 days). Although conventional shark nursery theory suggests small sharks remain in shallow coastal waters to avoid predation, juvenile Atlantic sharpnose sharks frequently exited from protected areas and appear to move through deeper waters to adjacent coastal bays and estuaries. Given the high productivity exhibited by this species, the benefit gained through a nursery that reduces predation may be limited for this species. 相似文献
974.
This paper deals with groundwater hydrology at a prominent fracture zone landslide slope (Nuta–Yone landslides) in Japan with
an objective to explore an efficient method for the application of landslide stability enhancement measures. The correlation
analyses between the hydrological parameters and ground surface movement data at this landslide resulted in low correlation
values indicating that the geological formation of the area is extremely complex. For the purpose of understanding the groundwater
flow behavior in the landslide area, a three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model was prepared for a part of the landslide
slope, where the levels of effectiveness of applied landslide stability enhancement measures (in the form of multilayered
deep horizontal drains) are different, and was calibrated against the measured water surface elevations at different piezometer
locations. The parameter distributions in the calibrated model and the general directions of the groundwater flow in terms
of flow vectors and the results of particle tracking at the model site were interpreted to understand the reasons for variations
in effectiveness of existing landslide stability enhancement measures and to find potentially better locations for the implementation
of future landslide stability enhancement measures. From the modeling results, it was also understood that groundwater flow
model can be effectively used in better planning and locating the landslide stability enhancement measures. 相似文献
975.
印度板块和亚洲大陆在何时何地碰撞 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
印度板块和亚洲大陆的初始碰撞时间是所有相关的喜马拉雅-西藏造山体系演化模式的主控条件,并严重影响到对众多与青藏高原隆升和东亚大陆挤出相关的地质过程速率的解释,以及对新生代全球气候变化的理解。尽管印度板块和亚洲大陆汇聚的速率在55Ma突然减缓被广泛地认为是初始碰撞的标志,但这次碰撞所造成的主要构造效应直到20多个百万年以后才显现出来。对印度板块和亚洲大陆相对位置的重新估算,表明它们在55Ma时并没有达到可以彼此发生碰撞的距离。基于来自西藏新的野外证据和对已有数据的重新评估,认为初始碰撞发生在始新世—渐新世之交(约34Ma),并对55Ma时发生的地质事件提出了另一种解释 相似文献
976.
There has been increasing concern about the lack of involvement by social scientists and humanists in a global change program,
although many social scientists are already directly involved in various aspects of research on environmental change, and
their research interests are clearly central to a global change research agenda. Based on a historical review, the role of
social science disciplines as well as social science institutes in an emerging multidecadal global change program is discussed.
Both “plan of action” and “plan of inaction” are suggested to avoid potential pitfalls due to the rush development of a social
science program into the existing global climate change problem. 相似文献
977.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
R. Vinodhini M.Sc. M.Phil. M. Narayanan M.Sc. Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(2):179-182
The objective of the present study is to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in various organs of the fresh water fish exposed to heavy metal contaminated water system. The experimental fish was exposed to Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb at sublethal concentrations for periods of 32 days. The elements Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr were assayed using Shimadzu AA 6200 atomic absorption spectrophotometery and the results were given as μ/g dry wt. The accumulation of heavy metal gradually increases in liver during the heavy metal exposure period. All the results were statistically significant at p < 0.001. The order of heavy metal accumulation in the gills and liver was Cd > Pb > Ni > Cr and Pb > Cd > Ni > Cr. Similarly, in case of kidney and flesh tissues, the order was Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni and Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni. In all heavy metals, the bioaccumulation of lead and cadmium proportion was significantly increased in the tissues of Cyprinus carpio (Common carp). 相似文献
978.
Influence of biotic-abiotic factors on the degradation of novaluron in tropical soil 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
P. Das Ph.D. R. Pal Ph.D. A. Chowdhury 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(3):425-429
In this study, the degradation of novaluron (benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator) was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions in clay loam alluvial and coastal saline soils of West Bengal, India. The application rates were field rate (FR); 2FR and 10FR. The incubation study was carried out at 30 °C and 60% of maximum water holding capacity of both the soils. Degradation of novaluron in both the soils followed first order reaction kinetics at all application rates under non-sterile and sterile conditions. The half-lives of novaluron in non-sterilized soils ranged from 17.0–17.8 days (alluvial soil) and 11.4–12.7 days (coastal saline soil), while the values in case of the sterilized soils were 53.7–59.0 days (alluvial soil) and 28.9–29.8 days (coastal saline soil) respectively. The novaluron degradation patterns were found to be highly influenced by soil types, application rates, and biotic abiotic factors. Abiotic factors strongly influenced novaluron degradation in both the soils. Biotic degradation was higher in alluvial soil compared to the coastal saline soil. 相似文献
979.
R. A. Oktyabrsky A. A. Vrzhosek A. M. Lennikov T. A. Yasnygina S. V. Rasskazov E. Yu. Moskalenko T. A. Velivetskaya 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2008,2(4):325-335
New geochemical data are presented on the magmatic rocks of the Late Jurassic Koksharovka alkaline-ultrabasic massif, which is associated with deposits of vermiculite, apatite, V-bearing titanomagnetite, and placer isoferroplatinum. The REE geochemistry and strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotopic composition of carbonatites and related ijolites and pyroxenites, together with geological observations, point to the magmatic origin of the Koksharovka carbonatites. The origin of associated magmatic rocks is discussed. Trace element modeling of partial melting of mantle sources was conducted to decipher the genesis of the melts of the Koksharovka carbonatites and host titanite-kaersutite pyroxenites. 相似文献
980.
R. M. Lark 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(7):729-751
The effect of outliers on estimates of the variogram depends on how they are distributed in space. The ‘spatial breakdown
point’ is the largest proportion of observations which can be drawn from some arbitrary contaminating process without destroying
a robust variogram estimator, when they are arranged in the most damaging spatial pattern. A numerical method is presented
to find the spatial breakdown point for any sample array in two dimensions or more. It is shown by means of some examples
that such a numerical approach is needed to determine the spatial breakdown point for two or more dimensions, even on a regular
square sample grid, since previous conjectures about the spatial breakdown point in two dimensions do not hold. The ‘average
spatial breakdown point’ has been used as a basis for practical guidelines on the intensity of contaminating processes that
can be tolerated by robust variogram estimators. It is the largest proportion of contaminating observations in a data set
such that the breakdown point of the variance estimator used to obtain point estimates of the variogram is not exceeded by
the expected proportion of contaminated pairs of observations over any lag. In this paper the behaviour of the average spatial
breakdown point is investigated for cases where the contaminating process is spatially dependent. It is shown that in two
dimensions the average spatial breakdown point is 0.25. Finally, the ‘empirical spatial breakdown point’, a tool for the exploratory
analysis of spatial data thought to contain outliers, is introduced and demonstrated using data on metal content in the soils
of Sheffield, England. The empirical spatial breakdown point of a particular data set can be used to indicate whether the
distribution of possible contaminants is likely to undermine a robust variogram estimator. 相似文献