Cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in cetacean skin biopsies from the Indian Ocean

The study describes cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYPA1) expression in the skin of different cetacean species (Megaptera novaeangliae, n = 15; Stenella attenuata, n = 7 and Stenella longirostris, n = 24) from the Mozambique Channel island of Mayotte. Immunohistochemical examination was performed with a monoclonal antibody against scup cytochrome CYPA1. The sex was determined using a molecular approach consisting in the genotyping sex-specific genes. CYPA1 was detected at the junction between epidermis and blubber on dolphins only, mostly in the endothelial cells. Similar observation was obtained in the dermis of one M. novaeangliae. Immunohistochemical slides were scored to evaluate the expression of the CYPA1 and a higher expression was observed in S. longirostris, suggesting a higher exposure to pollutants for this species. The difference of expression between sexes was not significant.     

Multi-disciplinary earthquake researches in Western Turkey: Hints to select sites to study geochemical transients associated to seismicity

Warm and hot spring water as well as soil gas radon release patterns have been monitored in the Aegean Extensional Province of Western Turkey, alongside regional seismic events, providing a multi-disciplinary approach. In the study period of 20 months, seven moderate earthquakes with M _L between 4.0 and 4.7 occurred in this seismically very active region; two earthquakes with magnitude 5.0 also occurred near the study area. Seismic monitoring showed no foreshock activity. By contrast, hydro-geochemical anomalies were found prior to these seismic events, each lasting for weeks. The anomalies occurred foremost in conjunction with dip-slip events and seem to support the dilatancy and water diffusion hypothesis. Increased soil gas radon release was recorded before earthquakes associated with strike-slip faults, but no soil radon anomalies were seen before earthquakes associated with dip-slip faults. Geochemical anomalies were also noticeably absent at some springs throughout the postulated deformation zones of impending earthquakes. The reason for this discrepancy might be due to stress/strain anisotropies.     

Einige Bemerkungen zur Problematik der Spektralanalyse

auam uu ma¶rt;am m¶rt; un ¶rt; nu nm omu mamuu ua. a m n¶rt;aam u aum, m ¶rt; nua a nmuuuam. mm aum ma ¶rt;nam aau maua ua.

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Vorgetragen auf dem KAPG-Seminar Geomagnetische Pulsationsindizes, Niemegk//DDR, September 1977.     

Seismic regime of a single fault model

A special experimental technique enabled us to study in detail seismic events on a fault model in a uniaxial stress field. The recording system used made it possible to investigate the radiation pattern for all the events observed including the precise determination of the dislocation origin.The aim of the present paper is (1) to find the relation between shear and tensile displacements, (2) to check a possible influence of the process of tensile crack generation on the seismic energy release and (3) to compare the seismic regime of a single fault before and after the tensile crack generation, respectively.Results prove the dominating importance of shear mechanism for the seismic energy release. The tensile displacement can be seismoactive only under special contact conditions on the fault plane.The existence of tensile cracks at the fault tips changed the pattern of seismic energy radiation. This feature is probably caused by subsequent changes in contact conditions on the fault plane and in the stress field around the fault.A comparison of some results of the present model experiments with the already published results of geological and seismological measurements and investigations shows the analogous character in laboratory and in nature of the process of tectonic earthquake preparation, the displacement course on the fault during the earthquake and the manner of seismic energy release on faults.     

On the determination of propagation paths of mid-latitude whistlers for purposes of estimating the magnetospheric electron density

Zusammenfassung Mit dem Ziel das Profil der magnetosph?rischen Elektronendichte auf Grund einj?hriger Beobachtungsreihe der Station Panská Ves zu bestimmen, wurden M?glichkeiten von Ermittlung des tats?chlichen Ausbreitungsweges von Whistlern untersucht, die in den mittleren Breiten w?hrend des Minimums der Sonnenaktivit?t beobachtet wurden. Da die beobachteten Whistler keine “nose frequency” aufweisen, gründete sich die Bestimmung des Ausbreitungsweges auf Messungen der Dispersion auf 10 und 4 kHz, ?hnlich wie bei der Extrapolationsmethode der “nose frequency” [4]. Die gewonnenen Resultate zeigen, dass es m?glich ist, die Ausbreitungswege einer grossen Anzahl von Ein-Sprung-Whistler mit genügender Genauigkeit zu bestimmen. Alle auf diese Weise ermittelten Ausbreitungswege fallen in den BreitenbereichФ ₀=38°−56°, was der bekannten Tatsache entspricht, dass man verwendbare Whistler-Komponenten bis zu einer Entfernung von 1000 km vom Endpunkt ihres Ausbreitungsweges beobachten kann. Die analysierten Whistler entsprechen den unter Voraussetzung einer konstanten Elektronendichte in der H?he der Basis der Magnetosph?re (700 km) berechneten theoretischen Modellen. Unter diesen Bedingungen zeigte es sich als m?glich, alle analysierten Whistler zur Bestimmung des Profils der magnetosph?rischen Elektronendichte zu gebrauchen. Trotz aller Vereinfachungen, die bei der Konstruierung von Modellen angewendet wurden, ist es also m?glich, vernünftige Werte der Elektronendichte für den Breitenbereich L=1,5–3 unter Anwendung von Whistler-Beobachtungen aus einer einzigen Station in mittleren Breiten zu gewinnen.

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Address: Bočni II, Praha 4-Spořilov.     

Ergebnisse von Versuchen der EAWAG mit dem «Kombibecken»

Ohne Zusammenfassung