厦门湾有色溶解有机物的光吸收特性研究

研究了厦门湾九龙江河口区、西海域、同安湾及东侧水道海水中有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的光吸收特性,分析了CDOM的河口行为,并讨论了CDOM光吸收特性与其荧光性质之间的关系。结果表明,厦门湾表层海水CDOM光吸收系数a(355)的水平分布表现为河口区最高、东侧水道最低、西海域和同安湾介于两者之间,底层水a(355)的分布与表层基本相似,表明陆源河流输入是厦门湾CDOM的主要来源;a(355)的垂直分布为表层高于底层,主要受水文和生物因素控制。厦门湾表层水CDOM光谱斜率S的平均值介于0.014—0.018nm-1,但河口低盐度区S值较小,反映陆源腐殖质的影响。a(355)在河口混合中呈保守行为,表明CDOM具有良好的保守性质。CDOM的吸收系数a(355)与其荧光强度之间表现为较好的相关关系,指示可以用灵敏度更高的荧光方法来研究CDOM的分布和行为。     

Effects of Irregular Wave Groups on Pile Forces

The wave forces on 1, 2 and 4 vertical circular piles under the action of several wave trains of the same wave parameters, such as Hs,Tp and Mo, but different wave group factor GF are measured in the laboratory. After comparing these forces, it may be concluded that the mean and significant wave forces are almost of no difference for the wave trains with different GF. When GF is larger, the one-tenth of the wave froce extreme is slightly increased and the maximum wave force is much larger than the ones with smaller GF, to which attention must be paid in engineering practice.     

人工越冬对虾体内寄生纤毛虫——旋毛蟹栖拟阿脑虫,新亚种的记述

报导了从中国对虾(Penaeus orientalis Kishnouye)越冬亲虾血淋巴内分离的盾纤毛目纤毛虫一新亚种,隶属于嗜污科(Philasteridae)拟阿脑虫属(Paranophrys),系蟹栖拟阿脑虫(Paranophrys carcini)一新地理亚种,定名为旋毛蟹栖拟阿脑虫,新亚种(Paranophrys carcini spiralis subsp.nov.)。本工作对该亚种做了蛋白银染色、银浸法、孚尔根染色,以显示其银线系、纤毛下器及细胞核器,并结合扫描电镜对虫体形态作了观察与鉴定。文内对该亚种的形态学作了描述并列表比较了所在属诸种主要性状特征以及本新亚种与相似种在形态特征上的主要差别,以确定新亚种的成立。     

Sedimentary characteristics and the implications of cobalt-rich crusts resources at Caiwei Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean

Abstract

Cobalt-rich crust has attracted increased attention due to their economic value. Studies have indicated that seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are rich in cobalt-rich crust resources. The Caiwei Guyot in Western Pacific Ocean is one of the cobalt-rich crust exploration areas contracted between China and the International Seabed Authority. A large volume of research has been conducted to elucidate the tectonic evolution, basement type, sediment type, gravity and magnetic anomaly characteristics, and geochemical characteristics of shallow surface sediments at Caiwei Guyot. However, a research gap exists on the sedimentary strata below the pelagic deposits and above the volcanic basement of the Caiwei Guyot. This paper summarizes that two main types of sediments existing on the top of Caiwei Guyot. The deposition thickness on the top of Caiwei Guyot is characterized by three sedimentary centers and exposed periphery. Pelagic sediments are difficult to form at the northeastern portion and edge area of Caiwei Guyot due to the strong bottom current environment, which makes these areas suitable for crust growth. This paper delineated three cobalt-rich crust prospective areas at the Caiwei Guyot with of significant implications for exploration and mining-lease-block selections at Caiwei Guyot.     

黄、东海海域水团发育对底质沉积物分布的影响

通过对黄、东海海域底质沉积物中的细粒级粘土矿物组合特征和全粒级碳酸盐含量分析、对比上覆水团和悬浮体资料，探讨研究区水团发育消长对底质沉积物分布的影响作用。结果表明研究区可以划分为长江冲淡水影响的长江型物质沉积区；黄海水影响的黄河型物质沉积区和黑潮水以及东海次表层水影响的残留型物质沉积区。而水团发育消长可直接影响下伏底质的分布特征。黄河型物质沉积区与残留型物质沉积区的分界相应于黄海冷水向东南扩展与黑潮次中层混合水向陆架爬升互为消长的长期综合平衡位置，而黄海冷水向东南的扩展范围代表着黄河物质在陆架向东南扩展沉积的最大范围．     

重力异常垂向一阶导数的一种简便算法

利用拉格朗日插值导出了重力异常垂向一阶导数的计算公式，给出了地面以及地面之上不同高度的求导系数。该公式可以计算地面上的重力垂向一阶导数，还可以直接计算地面之上任意高度上的垂向一阶导数。鉴于该公式除系数不同外，与上延公式完全相同，因此，程序设计尤为简单。使用本公式对模型数据和实际资料进行了处理，证明了本算法的实用性。     

从《徐霞客游记》看明末南方的社会经济生活——纪念徐霞客逝世350周年

本文以《徐霞客游记》为依据,对明末南方的社会经济生活状况进行了初步归纳和分析,以揭示徐霞客对我国人文地理学的突出贡献。     

基于Google Earth影像图遥感解译在我国西北矿产地质调查中的应用

在新疆扎河坝煤矿、买乌开、科克库都克三幅1∶50000区域地质矿产调查当中,笔者利用Google Earth(GE)图像数据进行了遥感地质解译,获得了满意的效果。在本次遥感解译工作中,所获得的GE卫星影像的清晰度远远大于以往的ETM多波段合成图像。其包含的可解译地质信息也比以往的卫星影像更加丰富。通过对GE影像进行数据采集、完美镶嵌、校正成为1∶5万标准图幅,使其坐标误差控制在30 m以内,并建立了测区内各地质构造单元的解译标志。良好的GE影像图的解译资料推动了野外工作的顺利进行。     

农田排水对沼泽湿地毛果苔草的影响及效应

随着三江平原沼泽湿地的垦殖,农田排水不断进入沼泽湿地,对湿地生态系统造成不同程度的影响。当一定氮、磷浓度的农田排水进入毛果苔草沼泽湿地后,水中TN、NH₄+-N、TP和PO₄3--P的含量均明显升高,8~9月份TN和NH₄+-N含量分别为自然沼泽湿地水体的1.51~2.10倍和1.53~3.02倍;TP和PO₄3--P含量分别为1.30~4.08倍和4.33~11.33倍。接受农田排水的毛果苔草根、茎叶生物量明显增高,相应的植物不同部分TN、TP含量也明显增高,其毛果苔草根部TN、TP含量与水中TN、TP含量的相关关系比自然湿地毛果苔草的这一相关关系更强,表明农田排水可促进毛果苔草的生长和对氮、磷的吸收。由于农田排水中磷的含量相对较高,造成湿地水系统N/P失衡,对湿地毛果苔草生态系统的稳定性和生物生产力形成潜在的威胁,因此应控制农田排水直接排入沼泽湿地。     

Monotone Regression and Correction for Order Relation Deviations in Indicator Kriging

The indicator kriging (IK) is one of the most efficient nonparametric methods in geo-statistics. The order relation problem in the conditional cumulative distribution values obtained by IK is the most severe drawback of it. The correction of order relation deviations is an essential and important part of IK approach. A monotone regression was proposed as a new correction method which could minimize the deviation from original quintiles value, although, ensuring all order relations.