Similarity solution for the interaction of the stellar wind with surrounding interstellar medium

Similarity solution for the interaction of stellar wind with surrounding interstellar medium is obtained on the base of momentum conservation. The conversion efficiency of kinetic energy of stellar wind into the kinetic energy of expanding shell is derived. The results are compared with the observations on the ring nebulae associated with the Wolf-Rayet star and it is shown that the observed values of energy conversion are in good agreement with the momentum conserving model.     

Intensity variations of the postnoon auroral bright spots observed at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica on August 8, 1999

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅａｆｔｅｒｎｏｏｎｒｅｇｉｏｎ (ａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ 1 4 0 0ｔｏ 1 60 0ＭＬＴ)ｈａｓａｓｐｅｃｉａｌｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅｆｏｒａｖａｒｉｅｔｙｏｆｍａｇｎｅｔｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａ.Ｉｔｓｐｒｏｘｉｍｉｔｙｔｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｎｏｏｎｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅａｕｒｏｒａｌｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄｍａｙｂｅｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｄａｙｓｉｄｅｍａｇｎｅｔｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ ,ａｎｄｉｎｄｅｅｄａｖａｒｉｅｔｙｏｆｓｔｕ…     

Long-term features of drifting and standing non-dipole fields as determined from Holocene palaeomagnetic secular variations

Geomagnetic field motions of Holocene secular variations are investigated using a separation method. The palaeomagnetic secular variations from Britain, North America and Australia have been subjected to maximum-entropy method analyses. Based on the results of spectral analyses, the secular variations are separated by band-pass filters into low-frequency components, generally including the period band 1800-3600 yr, and high-frequency components, generally including the period band 1000-1200 yr. There is an interval, from 4200 to 1700 yr BP, which shows clockwise rotational motions in the low-frequency components of all three sites. Westward drifting of geomagnetic fields may be globally dominant. Swinging or elliptical looping motions constrained to a certain direction were observed in the low-frequency components of the British data. The time duration for the persistence of the swinging motion constrained to a certain direction was 3500 years or so, which could be the lifetime of an oscillating stationary field. The duration of the transitional motion was 1000-1300 years, which may indicate the recurrence time of a stationary field.     

Development of a numerical model for nitrates in groundwater in the reservoir area of the Komesu subsurface dam, Okinawa, Japan

A numerical model consisting of simplified equations was developed to simulate nitrate concentrations in groundwater in a reservoir area of a subsurface dam in a Quaternary limestone region. The model was composed of a water balance sub-model and a nitrogen balance sub-model; the water balance sub-model was built from tank models which can express the quick dilution near caves and the effect of dam construction; and the nitrogen balance sub-model was made to represent changes in nitrogen forms and movement of nitrogen in the soil and aquifer zones. The model was calibrated and verified by observed data before and after the dam construction and then applied to a predictive simulation under a simple assumption that rainfall descends gradually. The model seemed applicable to long-term prediction of changes in NO₃-N in the reservoir area.