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To estimate the spatial distribution of groundwater discharge from the bottom of a small lake of Kumamoto in Japan, we applied continuous radon measurements with a dual loop system and verified the results obtained using the radon method by visual diving surveys. Time‐shifting correction in the dual‐loop system is reasonable to obtain the true radon activity in water. Distributions of radon activity and water temperature in the study area reveal the effects on groundwater discharge and mixing situation of lake water. The estimated discharge zone ascertained using the radon method agrees with the groundwater discharge distribution observed through diving surveys. Although the data resolution of the radon method is much greater than the width of observed discharge zones, the general distribution of groundwater discharge is recognizable. The dual loop system of radon measurement is useful for smaller areas. 相似文献
105.
Takeshi Sakai Eiji Ohtani Hidenori Terasaki Masaaki Miyahara Masahiko Nishijima Naohisa Hirao Yasuo Ohishi Nagayoshi Sata 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2010,37(7):487-496
Fe–Mg partitioning between post-perovskite and ferropericlase has been studied using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell at
pressures up to 154 GPa and 2,010 K which corresponds to the conditions in the lowermost mantle. The composition of the phases
in the recovered samples was determined using analytical transmission electron microscopy. Our results reveal that the Fe–Mg
partition coefficient between post-perovskite and ferropericlase (K
DPPv/Fp) increases with decreasing bulk iron content. The compositional dependence of K
DPPv/Fp on the bulk iron content explains the inconsistency in previous studies, and the effect of the bulk iron content is the most
dominant factor compared to other factors, such as temperature and aluminum content. Iron prefers ferropericlase compared
to post-perovskite over a wide compositional range, whereas the iron content of post-perovskite (X
FePPv, the mole fraction) does not exceed a value of 0.10. The iron-rich ferropericlase phase may have significant influence on
the physical properties, such as the seismic velocity and electrical conductivity at the core–mantle boundary region. 相似文献
106.
Characterization of drying-induced deformation behaviour of Opalinus Clay and tuff in no-stress regime 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aung Ko Ko Soe Masahiko Osada Manabu Takahashi Tai Sasaki 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(6):1215-1225
The drying-induced deformation behaviour of Opalinus Clay and tuff, which are being investigated under international and local
collaborative projects for nuclear waste disposal in Switzerland and Japan, was investigated under a no-stress condition in
the laboratory to evaluate their generic susceptibility to the formation of excavation damaged zone. The cylindrical core
samples of Opalinus Clay and tuff were prepared to a one-dimensional drying condition and submitted to an uncontrolled laboratory
environment. The strain evolution, evaporative water loss and environmental entities, such as temperature and relative humidity,
were recorded simultaneously and quasi-continuously. It was observed that the drying phase induced significant strain magnitude
and damage in Opalinus Clay samples, which was evidenced by the formation of hairy cracks on the surface parallel to the bedding.
On the contrary, the strain occurrences in tuff samples were relatively insignificant, and no tendency of cracking was observed.
In addition, the quasi-continuous availability of volumetric strains was further used in poroelastic relation for the estimation
of capillary suction evolution. The calculated results were validated with pore size distributions obtained from mercury intrusion
porosimetry. 相似文献
107.
Several models simulate watershed areas by delineating hillslopes. Hillslope size depends on the length of stream tributaries, which are affected by the drainage area threshold (DAT). There is no universal approach to identify the appropriate DAT. Therefore, a method to derive the DAT and a series of steps to delineate a watershed into smaller sizes were proposed in this study, and the impact of hillslope size on slope gradient estimation was investigated. The DAT obtained in this study was smaller than that obtained using other methods, resulting in a shorter length of the tributaries. Dividing these tributaries into equal short segments and using them to delineate the study area reduced the size of the hillslope. The results revealed that the shorter the length of the tributaries, the smaller the hillslope size. The accuracy of gradient estimation increased when the size of the hillslope was reduced. 相似文献