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151.
Frequency analysis of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 2004, one of the most significant and best-recorded earthquakes, is
based on spectral seismograms obtained from their broadband seismograms. The Sumatra-Andaman earthquake is found to have a
wide-range frequency content of P-wave radiation during the rupturing process. On the basis of stacking spectral seismograms
we distinguished four time events of the rupturing process of a total length of about 540 s. The frequency, f
max, is the highest for the first event (0.163 Hz in time interval 0–88 s), lowest for the second — which is the strongest (0.075
Hz in time interval 88–204 s). For third and fourth events frequencies are similar (0.089 and 0.082 Hz in time intervals 204–452
and 452–537 s, respectively). The frequency also shows an azimuthal dependence (±0.02 Hz). Azimuths for which the frequency,
f
max, has maximum and minimum values are 203–222° and 23–42°, respectively. These observations are discussed in relation to previously
published papers on this topic. 相似文献
152.
We follow our former considerations on rotational processes and emission of rotation and shear-twist waves as occurring in
earthquake source zones. A concise presentation of the motion and constitutive relations is given for each type of the four
fundamental point deformations: displacements, rotations, point stretch/squeeze, and string-string point deformations (shear
nuclei). 相似文献
153.
Dmytro M. Trots Alexander Kurnosov Leonid Vasylechko Marek Berkowski Tiziana Boffa Ballaran Daniel J. Frost 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2011,38(7):561-567
A single crystal X-ray diffraction study on lithium tetraborate Li2B4O7 (diomignite, space group I41
cd) has been performed under pressure up to 8.3 GPa. No phase transitions were found in the pressure range investigated, and
hence the pressure evolution of the unit-cell volume of the I41
cd structure has been described using a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state (BM-EoS) with the following parameters:
V
0
= 923.21(6) Å3, K
0
= 45.6(6) GPa, and K′ = 7.3(3). A linearized BM-EoS was fitted to the axial compressibilities resulting in the following parameters a
0
= 9.4747(3) Å, K
0a
= 73.3(9) GPa, K′
a
= 5.1(3) and c
0
= 10.2838(4) Å, K
0c
= 24.6(3) GPa, K′
c
= 7.5(2) for the a and c axes, respectively. The elastic anisotropy of Li2B4O7 is very large with the zero-pressure compressibility ratio β
0c
/β
0a
= 3.0(1). The large elastic anisotropy is consistent with the crystal structure: A three-dimensional arrangement of relatively
rigid tetraborate groups [B4O7]2− forms channels occupied by lithium along the polar c–axis, and hence compression along the c axis requires the shrinkage of the lithium channels, whereas compression in the a direction depends mainly on the contraction of the most rigid [B4O7]2− units. Finally, the isothermal bulk modulus obtained in this work is in general agreement with that derived from ultrasonic
(Adachi et al. in Proceedings-IEEE Ultrasonic Symposium, 228–232, 1985; Shorrocks et al. in Proceedings-IEEE Ultrasonic Symposium, 337–340, 1981) and Brillouin scattering measurements (Takagi et al. in Ferroelectrics, 137:337–342, 1992). 相似文献
154.
155.
We examined the life history and secondary production of four Ephemeroptera species (Baetis alpinus Pictet, 1843–1845, Baetis rhodani Pictet, 1843–1845, Rhithrogena carpatoalpina Klonowska, Olechowska, Sartoriet & Weichselbaumer, 1987 and Habroleptoides confusa Sartori & Jacob, 1986) in a temperature stable cold spring stream at Prosiek valley (Cho?ské vrchy Mts., West Carpathians, Slovakia). We have found asynchronous bivoltine life cycle for the most abundant species B. alpinus with growth rate positively correlated to photoperiod length. R. carpatoalpina have shown unusual asynchronous univoltine life cycle and B. rhodani have shown uncommonly low abundance in mayfly community. Total secondary production of mayfly community was very low, reaching 1654.8 mg DW m?2 y?1. We suggest that the observed asynchrony in growth could be related to the lack of temperature control. 相似文献
156.
A. F. Kowalski S. L. Hawley J. A. Holtzman J. P. Wisniewski E. J. Hilton 《Solar physics》2012,277(1):21-29
The white light during M dwarf flares has long been known to exhibit the broadband shape of a T≈10 000 K blackbody, and the white light in solar-flares is thought to arise primarily from hydrogen recombination. Yet, a
current lack of broad-wavelength coverage solar flare spectra in the optical/near-UV region prohibits a direct comparison
of the continuum properties to determine if they are indeed so different. New spectroscopic observations of a secondary flare
during the decay of a megaflare on the dM4.5e star YZ CMi have revealed multiple components in the white-light continuum of
stellar flares, including both a blackbody-like spectrum and a hydrogen-recombination spectrum. One of the most surprising
findings is that these two components are anti-correlated in their temporal evolution. We combine initial phenomenological
modeling of the continuum components with spectra from radiative hydrodynamic models to show that continuum veiling causes
the measured anti-correlation. This modeling allows us to use the components’ inferred properties to predict how a similar
spatially resolved, multiple-component, white-light continuum might appear using analogies to several solar-flare phenomena.
We also compare the properties of the optical stellar flare white light to Ellerman bombs on the Sun. 相似文献
157.
Jan Hoek Jindich Prach Marek Kíek Petr ída Piotr Moska Petr Pokorný 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(4):988-1005
Pronounced climatic warming associated with the Late Weichselian Pleniglacial‐to‐Lateglacial transition caused considerable environmental changes throughout the former periglacial zones (in Europe ~53°–46°N). During permafrost degradation and subsequent ground subsidence (i.e. thermokarst processes), the landscape changed rapidly. In this study we investigated a flat mid‐altitude area in south Bohemia, Czech Republic, lying close to the southern limit of the Weichselian permafrost. We discovered palaeo‐lake basins with sedimentary infillings up to 11 m in depth. According to radiocarbon and palynostratigraphical dating, these basins were formed at the onset of the Late Pleniglacial‐to‐Lateglacial transition, whereas the smaller depressions were formed later. We suggest that the basins resulted from thermal and fluvio‐thermal erosion of the former permafrost and represent remnants of discontinuous gullies and possibly collapsed frost mounds (pingo/lithalsa scars). The formation of this a fossil thermokarst landscape was climatically driven and multiple phased, with the major phase during the climatic warming and wetting at the onset of GI‐1e (Bølling) and the minor phase during GI‐1c (Allerød). This study enhances knowledge of the palaeogeography of the former European periglacial zone by showing that Late Pleistocene thermokarst activity could have had a significant impact on the evolution of the landscape of at least some regions of central Europe along the southern limit of the continuous permafrost zone. The research also points to a similar history for the physical transformation of the landscape of the former European periglacial zone and current thermokarst landscapes and could be a valuable source of information with respect to the future transformation of the Arctic under conditions of ongoing global warming. 相似文献
158.
159.
160.
Marek Grad Rolf Mjelde Wojciech Czuba Aleksander Guterch the IPY Project Group 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(5):855-869
Wide‐angle seismic data acquired by use of air‐guns and ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) contain strong direct water arrivals and multiples, generally considered as noise and thus not included in the modelling. However, a recent study showed that standard ray‐tracing modelling of the water multiples recorded off the Bear Island, North Atlantic, provided a reliable estimate of the velocity distribution in the water layer. Here, we demonstrate that including the amplitudes in the modelling provide valuable information about the VP contrast at the seafloor, as well as the VP/VS ratio and attenuation (QP) of the uppermost sediments. The VP contrast at the seafloor is estimated at about 250 m/s, within a precision of approximately ±30 m/s. The VP/VS ratio in the uppermost sedimentary layer is modelled in the range 2.25–2.50 and the QP factor is estimated at 1000 for the water, 30–50 for the uppermost layer and 40–50 for the second sedimentary layer. The values obtained for the sediments suggest a lithology dominated by silty clays, with porosity below average. 相似文献