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21.
Shoichiro Fukao Manabu D. Yamanaka Hiromasa Matsumoto Toru Sato Toshitaka Tsuda Susumu Kato 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,130(2-3):463-479
Vertical and temporal variations of three-dimensional wind velocity associated with an upper-tropospheric cold vortex-tropopause funnel system were observed by an MST radar in Japan (the MU radar). Marked changes of vertical velocity and horizontal wind direction were found between the inside and outside of the cold vortex. The vertical velocity activity outside the vortex was asymmetric; it was most active in a sector before the vortex. Unsaturated internal gravity waves in their generation stage contribute predominantly to the vertical velocity activity, suggesting that tropospheric occluded cyclones may be a possible source of middle-atmospheric gravity waves through the geostrophic adjustment process. 相似文献
22.
Manabu D. Yamanaka Shoichiro Fukao Hiromasa Matsumoto Toru Sato Toshitaka Tsuda Susumu Kato 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,130(2-3):481-495
Marked wavelike variations of the lower stratospheric wind observed on 7–10 May, 1985 by an MST radar in Japan (by the MU radar) are analyzed assuming that they are induced by monochromatic internal inertio-gravity waves. These variations are mainly composed of two modes (periods: 22 and 24 hours), both of which have zonal phase velocities (C
X
) slower than the mean westerly wind (). A statistical analysis of the zonal phase velocity shows thatC
X
above andC
X
below the tropopause jet stream, which is considered to be a vivid proof of wave selection due to the tropospheric mean flow and upward wave emission from the tropopause jet. A comparison between the MU radar results and routine meteorological observations leads to the conclusion that the marked waves appear when the jet stream takes a maximum wind speed. 相似文献
23.
Kazuaki Nakamura Vincent Renard Jacques Angelier Jacques Azema Jacques Bourgois Christine Deplus Kantaro Fujioka Yozo Hamano Philippe Huchon Hajimu Kinoshita Pierre Labaume Yujiro Ogawa Tetsuzo Seno Akira Takeuchi Manabu Tanahashi Akinori Uchiyama Jean-Louis Vigneresse 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1987,83(1-4)
Leg 2 of the French-Japanese 1984 Kaiko cruise has surveyed the Suruga and the Sagami Troughs, which lie on both sides of the northwestward moving and colliding Izu-Bonin Ridge, the northernmost part of the Philippine Sea plate. The transition from the Nankai Trough to the Suruga Trough is characterized by northward decrease in width of the accretionary prism, in good agreement with the increasing obliquity between the through axis and the direction of the convergence, as the strike of the convergent boundary changes from ENE-NNE to south-north. South of the area, the southern margin of the Zenisu Ridge shows contractional deformations. This supports the interpretation made by the team of Leg 1 who studied the western extension of the area we studied, that it is an intra-oceanic thrusting of the ridge over the Shikoku Basin. In the Sagami Trough, where the relative motion is highly oblique to the plate boundary, active subduction is mostly confined in the east-west trending portions of the trough located south of the Boso Peninsula and along the lower Boso Canyon, near the TTT triple junction. In between, the present motion is mainly right-lateral along the northwest trending Boso escarpment. However, an inactive but recent (Pliocene to lower Pleistocene) accretionary prism exists south of the Boso escarpment, which suggests that the relative motion was more northerly than at present before about 1 Ma ago. 相似文献
24.
A mud volcano LUSI initiated its eruption on 29 May 2006, adjacent to a hydrocarbon exploration well in East Java. Ground subsidence in the vicinity of the LUSI eruptive vent was well recorded by a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) PALSAR onboard the Japanese ALOS satellite. We apply an Interferometric SAR (InSAR) technique on ten PALSAR data scenes, acquired between 19 May 2006 and 21 May 2007, in order to obtain continuous maps of ground displacements around LUSI. Although the displacements in the area closest to the eruptive vent (spatial extension of about 1.5 km) are not detectable because of the erupted mud, all the processed interferograms indicate subsidence in an ellipsoidal area of approximately 4 km (north–south) × 3 km (east–west), centered at the main eruptive vent. In particular, interferograms spanning the first four months until 4 Oct. 2006 and the subsequent 46 days between 4 Oct. 2006 and 19 Nov. 2006 show at least about 70 cm and 80 cm of displacements away from the satellite, respectively. Possible causes of the subsidence, i.e., 1) loading effect of the erupted mud, 2) creation of a cylindrical mud conduit, and 3) pressure decrease and depletion of materials at depth, are investigated. The effects of the first two causes are found to be insufficient to explain the total amount of subsidence observed in the first six months. The third possibility is quantitatively examined using a boundary element approach by modeling the source of deformation as a deflating oblate spheroid. The spheroid is estimated to lie at depths of a few hundred to a thousand meters. The estimated depths are significantly shallower than determined from analyses of erupted mud samples; the difference is explained by presence of significant amount of inelastic deformation including compaction and downward transfer of material. 相似文献
25.
Shahidul Islam Md. Manabu Hibino Taro Ohta Kouji Nakayama Masaru Tanaka 《Estuaries and Coasts》2006,29(3):519-529
Larval and juvenile Japanese temperate bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) samples were collected from a wide range of spatial gradients (covering a distance of approximately 30 km) in Chikugo estuary,
Ariake Bay, Japan over a period of 8 yr (1997–2004) in order to observe changes in diet. Gut contents were studied by separating,
identifying, counting, and estimating the dry weight of prey organisms. Copepod samples were collected during each cruise
to observe the numerical composition, abundance, and biomass in the estuary. Considerable spatial and temporal variations
were observed in copepod distributions in ambient water and the diets of the fish. Two distinctly different copepod assemblages
were identified in the estuary: One in the upper estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM), dominated by a single speciesSinocalanus sinensis and the other in the lower estuary consisting of a multispecies assemblage, dominated byOithona davisae, Acartia omorii, Paracalanus parvus, andCalanus sinicus. The gut content composition of the fish in the upper estuary was dominated byS. sinensis, while in the lower estuary, it consisted ofP. parvus, O. davisae, andA. omorii. Within the size group analyzed (13.0–27.0 mm SL), the smaller individuals were found to feed on a mixed diet composed of
smaller prey. The diets gradually shifted to bigger prey composed predominantly ofS. sinensis for larger size groups. Greater proportions of empty guts were recorded in the smaller individuals and dropped with increasing
fish size. Higher dry biomass of copepods in the environment, as well as higher dry weights of gut contents, were recorded
in the upper estuary, indicating that the upper estuarine ETM areas are important nursery grounds for the early life stages
of the Japanese temperate bass. The early life stages of the Japanese temperate bass are adapted to use the upstream nursery
grounds and ascending to the nursery areas to useS. sinensis is one of the key survival strategies of the Japanese temperate bass in the Chikugo estuary. 相似文献
26.
We propose a simple theoretical radiation scheme for regular building arrays. The essential difference of the present radiation scheme from the previous ones is the explicit consideration of the three-dimensional features of the surface geometry. The model is assumed to be an infinitely extended regular array of uniform buildings, each building composed of six faces (roof, floor, and four vertical walls). Without using time-consuming iterations or statistical approaches, we calculated the view factors of the faces, the complicated sunlit--shadow distributions, and the resulting canopy albedo for any time and location. The model was evaluated by comparing to outdoor experiments in a wide range of seasons and surface geometries. The simulated canopy albedos agreed well with measured values, and the accuracy is a significant improvement over two-dimensional-based model outputs. 相似文献
27.
28.
Yoshinori Takano Jonathan James Tyler Hisaya Kojima Yusuke Yokoyama Yukiko Tanabe Takaharu Sato Nanako O. Ogawa Naohiko Ohkouchi Manabu Fukui 《Applied Geochemistry》2012
The paleolimnology of two lakes which were isolated as a result of the crustal uplift during the late Holocene along the Soya Coast, Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica were studied. The focus was on temporal variations in the biogeochemical composition of sediment cores recovered from Lake Skallen at Skallen and Lake Oyako at Skarvsnes. Both sets of lake sediments record environmental changes associated with a transition from marine to lacustrine settings, as indicated by analyses of C and N contents, nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ15N), and major element concentrations. Changes in the dominant primary producers during the marine–lacustrine transition (marine diatom to cyanobacteria) at L. Skallen was clearly revealed by biogenic opal-A, diatom assemblages, and molecular signature from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene analysis. Radiocarbon dating of acid-insoluble organic C suggested that the environmental transition from marine to fresh water occurred at 2940 ± 100 cal yr BP at L. Skallen and 1060 ± 90 cal yr BP at L. Oyako. Based on these data, a mean crustal uplift rate of 3.2 mm yr−1 is inferred for the history of marine–lacustrine transition via brackish conditions. The geological setting causing glacio-isostatic uplift was the primary factor in controlling the transition event in sedimentary and biological facies. 相似文献
29.
Temporal trends in wet deposition of major ions were explored at nationwide remote sites in Japan from April 1991 to March 2009 by using the seasonal Kendall slope estimator and the nonparametric seasonal Kendall test. For the trend analysis, datasets from eight remote sites (Rishiri, Echizenmisaki, Oki, Ogasawara, Shionomisaki, Goto, Yakushima, and Amami) were selected from the Japanese Acid Deposition Survey (JADS) conducted by the Ministry of the Environment. Deposition of H+ has been increasing at remote sites in Japan on a national scale. Significant (p????0.05) increases in H+ deposition were detected with changes of +3?C+9?%?year?1 at seven sites, while insignificant increases were observed at one site. Depositions of non-sea salt (nss)-SO 4 2? and NO 3 ? significantly increased at four and six sites, respectively, with changes of +1?C+3?%?year?1. Significant increases in precipitation at four sites would have contributed to the increase in depositions of H+, nss-SO 4 2? , and NO 3 ? . The emission trends of SO2 and NOx did not corresponded to the deposition trends of nss-SO 4 2? and NO 3 ? . The different trends indicated that temporal variation of precipitation amount trend dominated the deposition trends. 相似文献
30.
A history of water pollution and countermeasures for water purification in Dokai Bay, Japan are reviewed. Now, Dokai Bay suffers from the occurrences of red tides and oxygen-deficiency in summer. In order to prevent the occurrences of red tides and oxygen-deficiency, an ecological numerical model has been developed. The model experiments forecast that when the phosphorus or nitrogen load from land will be cut by 90% or 95%, respectively, red tides and oxygen-deficiency will not occur in Dokai Bay. If the industrial and sewage facilities are not sufficient to cut the nutrients load to the necessary degree, we have to consider other countermeasures such as cultivating bivalves and algae in order to decrease the nutrients concentration in the bay. International co-operation related to coastal zone management is also discussed. 相似文献