Occurrence and characteristics of sporadic sodium layer observed by lidar at a mid-latitude location

Na lidar observations of SSL during the past 5 years at a mid-latitude location (Wuhan, China, 31°N, 114°E) are reported in this paper. From 26 SSL events detected in about 230 h of observation, an SSL occurrence rate of 1 event/9 h at our location was obtained. This result, combined with that reported by Nagasawa and Abo (Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 (1995) 263) at Tokyo, Japan, reveals that the SSL occurrence can be relatively frequent at some mid-latitude locations. The statistical analyses of main parameters for the 26 SSL events were made, and the results were compared with those previously reported. By examining the corresponding data from a nearby ionosonde, it was found that there was a fairly good correlation between SSL and Es. Of the 18 pairs of SSL and Es events checked, 15 of SSL were accompanied by Es, and 8 pairs of them were correlated within 1 h in time and within 5 km in altitude. From the analyses of observed perturbations during SSL development, the role of dynamic processes of atmosphere in the SSL formations were emphasized.     

桑沟湾沉积碳库年汇入速率的长期变化及其区域性差异

对取自桑沟湾北西南三根柱样近200 a碳来源及埋藏通量的解析,分析了湾内不同站位各形态碳的差异性,进而对全湾碳埋藏进行了估算。湾内环流、贝藻养殖等造成湾内不同区域碳埋藏的差异;桑沟湾总碳（TC）平均量1.79%,有机碳（TOC）平均量0.54%,无机碳（TIC）平均量1.25%,TOC含量相对较小,为海陆混合来源,以陆源有机碳（C_t）为主,大规模人工养殖后,海源有机碳（C_a）有明显增加的趋势。桑沟湾碳埋藏通量平均为228.9 g/（m2·a）,以无机碳为主要埋藏形式（约占70%）,高的沉积速率及生物残骸沉降使桑沟湾养殖区碳的来源及埋藏区别于其他陆架海域。     

Magnetic Twist and Writhe of δ Active Regions

We have selected 104 active regions with a δ magnetic configuration from 1996 to 2002 to study how important a role the kink instability plays in such active regions. In this study, we employ the systematic tilt angle of each active region as a proxy for the writhe of a flux tube and the force-free parameter, α_best, as a proxy for the magnetic field twist in the flux tube. It is found that 65–67% of the active regions have the same sign of twist and writhe. About 34% (32%) of the active regions violate (follow) the Hale-Nicholson and Joy's Laws (HNJL) but follow (violate) the hemispheric helicity rule (HHR). Sixty-one (61) of the 104 active regions studied each produced more than five large flares. Active regions violating HNJL, but following HHR, have a much stronger tendency to produce X-class flares and/or strong proton events. Comparing with previous studies for active regions with well-defined (simpler) bipolar magnetic configuration, it is found that the numbers following both HNJL and HHR are significantly lower in the δ-configuration case, while numbers violating one of the laws and the rule significantly increase with the increase of the magnetic complexity of the active regions. These results support the prediction for the presence of a kink instability, that the twist and writhe of the magnetic fields exhibit the same sign for δ active regions (Linton et al., Astrophys. J. 507, 40, 1998, Astrophys. J. 522, 1205, 1999; Fan et al., Astrophys. J. 521, 460, 1999). Finally, we analyze possible origins of the twist and writhe of the magnetic fields for the active regions studied.     

河流地貌演化研究进展

本文基于近年来全球河流地貌演化的研究实例及新进展,介绍了主要的研究载体与思路,讨论了河流地貌演化事件背后的地质、环境意义。沉积学、地貌学、物源分析、低温热年代学等是解决河流地貌演化问题的重要工具。沉积学记录着河流演化的一手资料,同时,沉积物定年技术的发展为揭示河流演化过程提供了高精度的时间约束。地貌指数研究是根据河流剖面形态与流域特征等揭示河流及区域地貌演化过程的研究手段,在恢复基岩隆升历史,定义地貌演化状态和判断分水岭迁移等方面具有优势。基于碎屑热年代学的物源分析方法结合沉积物沉积年代测定的研究思路则是利用了地表物质的“源—汇”过程变化,是揭示水系沟通演化历史的有效手段。当借助中-低温热年代学的多方法联合和单矿物的多重定年作为物源示踪剂时,可以有效提高分析精度,具有广阔的研究前景。另外,低温热年代学和宇宙核素¹⁰Be等对浅表过程十分敏感,记录了百万年—千年尺度的河流侵蚀作用,是示踪流域侵蚀方式空间变化和定量化揭示侵蚀过程的有力工具。河流的诞生与演化是地表过程的重大事件,记录了局部或区域的构造—气候背景,也是研究构造—气候—地貌耦合及互馈过程的重要纽带。特别是新生代晚期以来,地貌形成过程伴随着古人类的诞生与发展,而河流的演化则在古人类活动和迁徙中起到了重要的控制作用。因此,河流地貌演化的背景动力及环境意义体现了地球多圈层的相互作用与协同演化。

     

獐子岛养殖区夏季底层水温快速变化的机理分析

Rapid changes in the near-bottom water temperature are important environmental factors that can significantly affect the growth and development of species in the bottom culture. The object of this research is to investigate the mechanism causing these rapid changes within a bottom culture area near the Zhangzi Island. The hydrographic transects observations in the North Yellow Sea(NYS) suggest that our mooring station is very close to the tidal mixing front. The horizontal advection of the tidal front has induced the observed tidal change of bottom temperature at the mooring station. Analysis of the mooring near-bottom temperature and current measurements show that the angle between the tidal current horizontal advection and the swing of the tidal front is crucial in determining the variation trend of temperature. When the angle equals 90°, the horizontal tidal current advects along the isotherms so the temperature remains the same. When the angle is between 0° and 90°, the seawater moves from deep water to the warmer coastal zone and the temperature decreases. In contrast, the horizontal tidal advection moves the coastal warm water to the mooring station and the water temperature increases when the angle is between 90° and 180°. The amplitude of the temperature change is proportional to the magnitude of the horizontal temperature gradient and the tidal excursion in the direction of the temperature gradient. This study may facilitate the choice of culture area in order to have a good aquaculture production.     

多尺度非静力通用模式框架的设计策略

针对目前国际上数值预报模式的最新发展趋势,综述了新形势下多尺度非静力通用数值预报模式框架的设计策略。目前世界上开发通用模式主要有两个途经,一是建立一个离散化方案和源程序代码共享的、全球和有限区通用的模式,二是建立一个单一的全球可变分辨率的模式。还从通用模式方程组的选取策略、模式网格属性的构造,时间积分方案、空间离散方案,垂直坐标的选取等方面进行了分析。     

上海市防震减灾应急决策信息系统-GPS的应用

为了适应上海经济建设高速发展和超大型城市防震减灾工作的需要,建立城市防震减灾应急决策信息系统已成为必然．本文将地理信息系统（GIS）技术应用于上海市防震减灾应急决策信息系统（宝山试点区）,介绍了此系统各功能模块的结构和作用．此系统由７个功能模块组成,即地震地质基本信息、地震灾害快速评估子系统、地震应急决策信息子系统、信息查询、系统维护管理、帮助和退出等．其核心部分是地震灾害快速评估子系统和地震应急决策信息子系统．本文还介绍了彩红外航片遥感技术在上海市防震减灾应急决策信息系统中的应用．     

西藏南羌塘增生杂岩中俯冲反向驱动高压变质岩折返:来自猫耳山大型拆离断层的启示

大洋岩石圈俯冲增生过程中可能伴随着复杂的深部板片运动过程。高压变质岩无疑是记录这些深部过程的良好载体。最近的研究提出,在特定情况下,双向俯冲中占主导的俯冲板块拖曳另一侧板块发生反向运动,从而短板片可能被另一侧长板片拖出。该研究提示我们关注俯冲增生过程中这种可能的“不正常”的板片运动方式,从而客观而全面地剖析碰撞造山带。现有高压变质岩折返模式中,除了俯冲隧道流模式,其余模式均强调单次快速折返。然而,俯冲反向运动导致的折返过程有所不同:对单个高压变质岩来说仍是快速折返,但是对整体高压变质岩带来说,整个俯冲反向期间必然都存在高压变质岩折返,从而形成较长的折返过程持续时间。对上地壳层次的折返相关构造变形的研究有助于揭示上述过程。     

隧道与临近地面结构动力相互作用规律数值模拟

通过建立不同场地条件下隧道-土-上部结构相互作用的模型,研究有、无上部结构存在、场地条件和地震波频谱特性对隧道-土-上部结构体系地震响应的影响.计算结果表明:(1)对于隧道等地下结构,其地震响应主要受场地条件影响,不同场地条件隧道动内力值相差巨大,设计时应引起足够重视,相比之下有、无邻近上部结构对其影响较小;(2)S波...     

海浪预报产品数据库管理系统开发研究

本文介绍海浪预报产品数据库管理系统，包括数据库管理系统的总体设计，硬软件的配置，数据库管理系统的主要内容和解决的关键技术。该数据库管理系统的建成，提供了我国近海和西北太平洋海浪预报的系统性资料，不仅对提高海浪预报准确率提供基础资料，也给海浪中长期预测预报方法研究和区域海洋学研究带来极大帮助。