CCN Concentration in Troposphere over China

CCN concentration in the middle-lower troposphere over northern China was observed using a cloud condensation nucleus counter, MEE-130, installed on an IL-14 aircraft in the summer of 1983 and 1984. More than 60 sets of data (each flight as one set) were collected.The main results are: (1) in northern China, CCN concentration is 102-104/ cm3 near ground, decreases with increasing height and follows exponential distribution; (2) the local CCN concentration and its distribution with altitude are influenced by some meteorological factors: such as inversion, cloud and precipitation, wind and land-sea brce/.e etc. The inversion makes CCN significantly accumulate just below the inversion level; CCN concentration is lower inside clouds than outside clouds at same level; wind plays an important role of transporting CCN horizontally; (3) the CCN concentration is higher above the land than above the sea at same level; CCN concentration is one order of magnitude lower over the coastal cities like Qingdao than over     

用电测深法在水压致裂实验中确定岩石破裂方向的实验研究

1.测点布设及观测方法实验场地位于福建省南靖县汤坑盆地中央。盆地内分布有F_1、F_2、F_3和F_44组断裂,其中F_1为张性兼压扭性断裂,F_2为扭性断裂,F_3为张扭性断裂,F_4为压扭性断裂(图1)。     

REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUD BOTTOM HEIGHT AND CLOUD TEMPERATURE BY INFRARED RADIOMETER

The feasibility of retrieving cloud bottom height (CBH) and cloud bottom temperature (CBT) by infraredradiometer has been studied by simulations with a large number of historical radiosounding data and field obser-vations.The results show that it is feasible to retrieve CBH and CBT by radiometer observation in infrared band.In this paper we also demonstrate simply that through joint observations by a dual-wavelength (1.35 cm and8.5mm) microwave radiometer and by infrared radiometer (8.5—12.5μm),it is possible to obtain total watervapor,liquid water content in clouds and CBH and CBT.     

微机遥感图像应用处理系统

本文详细介绍了我们研制的微机遥感图像应用处理系统。它的硬件部分以四台微机为主,采用分布式联接,组成四个子系统,可供1—4人同时操作,能方便地输入输出多种数据和图像。该系统的软件部分,由对应硬件子系统的四个软件包组成,即磁带机数据采集软件包,图像显示软件包,专题制图软件包及遥感应用处理软件包。作为重点的第四部分软件,是在遥感应用工作者的经验和工作方法的基础上设计的,它收集和综合了各种实用处理方法,比通用的图像处理软件包更具有遥感应用的特色。     

新疆某些地震前地下水动态异常特征的分析

本文在清理乌鲁木齐小区域井网地下水位资料和新疆某些油井动态资料的基础上,通过对震例的分析,探讨了本区地震前地下水动态异常的基本特征。认为,地震前地下水动态短临异常是明显的;异常仅仅出现在震源附近的有限区域;异常形态大致可以分为两种类型,即下降型和喷涌型。最后,对在地震孕育过程中与地下水异常有关的几个问题进行了初步的讨论。     

花岗岩体构造-化学特征与钨、锡成矿作用

本文以南岭几个金属矿床为例,阐明含矿复式岩体形成过程中岩浆入侵通道是否变动以及如何变动,影响到矿化分带特征。与单一入侵通道有关的岩浆-矿化具有明显的垂直分带,而与多个入侵通道有关的岩浆-矿化,则水平分带较为显著。构造类型影响矿石类型和成矿系列中各矿床类型间的相互关系。本文提出了各矿床类型间的过渡性、重叠性和互补性,并认为它们是客观存在的普遍现象。     

Paleogeography of the North and South China blocks during the Cambrian

Paleomagnetic results demonstrate that during the Cambrian the South China block was close to the equator. We suggest that it was adjacent to North Australia. This reconstruction juxtaposes Cambrian marine basins in South China and Australia, explaining the affinity between Cambrian trilobites from the two areas, as well as the existence of phosphorite deposits in the Early and Middle Cambrian in Australia and in South China. The stratigraphic similarity between the late Precambrian Sinian System in South China and the Adelaide System in Australia, and the continuing fossil affinities from Cambrian through Ordovician of both areas suggest that the proposed geographic configuration lasted from the late Precambrian (800 Ma) to Early Ordovician (470 Ma). Paleomagnetic results from the Cambrian of North China indicate that it was in the southern hemisphere at that time. Based on the paleontological evidence, we suggest that the North China block was close to Tibet, Iran and northern India during the Paleozoic.     

一种可能的短期前震

分析大地震前小地震时、空分布发现,1973年2月6日炉霍7.9级地震1974年4月22日溧阳5.5级地震及1976年5月29日龙陵7.3级地震前约3个月内,2级以上小地震有沿一定方向(顺时或逆时)逐个发生,从而形成环的现象。溧阳和龙陵地震发生在环内一侧或其附近,而炉霍大地震则离环较远,但处于同一构造带。根据蠕变曲线有非线性增加段及其时间特征,它可定为短期前震,並且可能表现了震前固体潮触发蠕滑的过程。     

Parameterization of meridional energy flux in a one-dimensional climate model

Summary The zonally averaged meridional energy transport is parameterized in terms of the zonally averaged temperature gradient and its radiative equilibrium value. Two climate regimes are identified: radiative equilibrium and isothermal climates. The transport and temperature gradient are intermediate between corresponding quantities of these two climates. The parameterization assumes a linear increase of transport as temperature gradient departs from its radiative equilibrium value. The parameterization is formulated using a one-dimensional climate model. Ice-albedo feedback provides the mechanism for climate changes. The parameterization works well for climates associated with seasonal changes.

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Parameterisierung des meridionalen Energiestromes in einem eindimensionalen Klimamodell

Zusammenfassung Der zonal gemittelte, meridionale Energietransport wird in Abhängigkeit vom zonal gemittelten Temperaturgradienten und seinem Strahlungsgleichgewicht parameterisiert. Zwei Klimaregime können identifiziert werden: Strahlungsgleichgewicht und isothermes Klima. Der Transport und der Temperaturgradient befinden sich zwischen den korrespondierenden Werten dieser zwei Klimate. Die Parameterisierung nimmt eine lineare Zunahme des Transportes mit der Abweichung des Temperaturgradienten vom seinem Strahlungsgleichgewichtswert an. Die Parameterisierung wird unter Verwendung eines eindimensionalen Klimamodelles formuliert. Die Eis-Albedo-Rückkopplung liefert den Mechanismus für Klimadnderungen. Die Parameterisierung funktioniert gut fur Klimate, welche jahreszeitliche Anderungen beinhalten.

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With 4 Figures     

屯溪地区巨盐核浓度分布特点

1981年6—7月安徽省屯溪地区巨盐核观测的结果表明:1.直径2微米左右的巨盐核可能对屯溪夏季积状云中一些初始大云滴的形成起重要作用;2.屯溪地区的巨盐核主要源地是海洋,该地的巨盐核浓度与风向、风速以及天气背景密切相关.