太湖沉积物中的可培养细菌:Ⅰ.细菌多样性初步分析

采用牛肉膏培养基培养,从不同深度的太湖沉积物中共分离得到603个菌落形态不同的菌株,通过数值分析比较了40个形态表征性状,以不加权平均连锁聚类（UPGMA）的方式进行簇群归类,在0．75水平上可分成4个聚类群和51个亚群．从51个亚群中各随机选取一个菌株,测定其16SrDNA部分序列（约540bp）并据此进行分析,表明这些菌株分别属于Firmicutes、Actinobacteria、γ-Proteobacteria这三大类群,与数据库中已知的芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、类芽孢杆菌属（PaenibaciHus）、微球菌属（Micrococcus）、节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）、迪茨菌属（Dietzia）和假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）细菌具有很高的相似性．其中迪茨菌属在国内淡水湖泊沉积物中为首次报道．     

澳大利亚海洋经济发展特性及启示

澳大利亚是传统的海洋国家,也是典型的外向型海洋经济国家。文章通过对澳大利亚海洋经济发展环境、发展规模、发展战略进行分析,认为澳大利亚海洋经济发展优势来自资源、科技和政策,其海洋油气业和海洋旅游业在国际上具有领先优势。针对澳大利亚海洋经济发展的特性,对我国海洋经济发展做出如下建议：完善法律法规体系,保障海洋经济发展;加强海洋科技投入,推动海洋经济发展;加强海洋环境保护,提升全球海洋治理能力;避免过度依赖国际市场,局限海洋经济发展。     

岩石声波综合数据处理系统的试验研究

本文是在岩石声波测试综合数据处理系统研究总结的基础上写成的。该系统以SYC岩石声波仪为前端设备,配接微型计算机和单板机,构成既可在室内也可在野外使用,又能综合分析的积木式测试系统。为用声波法测定岩石和其它固体介质的力学特性的测试技术和理论研究,提供了自动化的设备。本文介绍了系统的主要功能,基本结构和接口方法选取分析,软件设计分析,测试结果对比等方面。并对应用计算机控制测试设备、实现测试实验自动数据采集和处理提出我们的看法。     

浙江上山遗址剖面记录中更新世以来的环境演变

At about 173 ka BP of the late period of mid-Pleistocene, the second terrace of the river had been formed as a result of uplift happening in Shangshan area because of the climate, sea level change and tectonic action. Between 173-75 ka BP, aeolian deposited on the terrace, a layer of reticulate red clayey soil about 80-100 cm thick deposited and developed under the warmer and higher temperature. In the last glacial period, the drop of the temperature and the decrease of the precipitation induced the dust-storms increased, A layer of Xiashu loess about 1.0-1.5 m thick accumulated on Shangshan terrace in the last glacial, which has the reticulate red clayey soil buried. At the beginning of the Holocene （11500 a BP-）, temperature went higher gradually and precipitation got more, the pre-persons moved on the Shangshan terrace （11,400-8600 a BP）, which is one of the most important archaeological sites, and can connect the paleolithic culture with Neolithic culture. It could be assumed from the results that the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the home of rice cultivation, too. The lower place to the west of the Shangshan site experienced the two cycles process of the fluvial facies and the lacustrine facies, indicating that the water source of the pre-historical Shangshan is the river water or lake water. Two AMS 14C age proved the water source disappeared more than 1000 years ago.     

Experimental investigation on structural evolution of granite at high temperature induced by microwave irradiation

Mineralogy and Petrology - The microwave high-temperature irradiation was introduced to deal with the low efficiency of traditional microwave treatments for breaking granite. Structural evolution...     

Cenozoic tectonics and landform evolution in the Qilian Mountains and adjacent areas

ABSTRACT

The formation of the Qilian mountains and the evolution of adjacent basins were controlled by the uplift and northeastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau. In a field survey conducted on the main Cenozoic basin sediments in the Qilian Mountains and adjacent areas, fission track age data of apatite obtained previously were analyzed. Cenozoic tectonics and landform evolution in the area where the Qilian Mountains now stand and its response to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau were studied. In the Oligocene Epoch, the Tibetan Plateau was initially uplifted and extended northeastward, forming the Guide-Xining-Lanzhou-Linxia foreland basin on the northern margin of the western Qinling Mountains, and the foreland basin in the area where the Qilian Mountains now stand received widespread sediments. In the Miocene, influenced by the enhanced uplift and northeastward thrust of the Tibetan Plateau, a stage of intracontinental squeezing orogeny and foreland basin splitting began in the area where the Qilian Mountains now stand. In the Pliocene Epoch, the Qilian Mountains were continuously uplifted, the basins shrank, large lake basins disappeared gradually, and large-area red-clay-type aeolian sediments appeared. During the Quaternary Period, the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau accelerated, causing a rapid rise in the altitude of the Qilian Mountains. Global climate change occurred and mountain glaciers began to develop. Quaternary moraine deposits appeared for the first time in the area, and very thick loess sediments appeared in the Longzhong area, east of the area where the Qilian Mountains now stand, forming the famous Loess Plateau.     

陕西北部三趾马红粘土成土碳酸盐碳、氧稳定同位素特征及所记录的古气候演变

陕西府谷王大夫梁三趾马红粘土剖面中成土碳酸盐碳、氧稳定同位素分析及其变化曲线表明，三趾马红粘土形成于半干旱到半湿润气候条件下，且已出现类似于黄土中古季风特征的干热－温湿的旋回性变化，并在晚期有周期缩短、幅度加强的趋势．结合地层中的物质组成及古哺乳动物群性质的变化，陕西北部新第三纪晚期古气候经历了干热－温湿－干热的演化历史，植被以草原疏林为主，气候适宜期曾出现半湿润森林景观     

毛乌素沙漠东南缘全新世剖面光释光年代及古气候意义

在毛乌素沙漠东南缘锦界地区发现的具有3层深棕色至黑色古土壤的全新世剖面,记录了至少3次大型沙地固定与活化的交替演化.在锦界剖面厚约5m的全新世地层中采集了10个光释光样品,利用石英光释光测年单片再生法(SAR),建立了锦界剖面全新世(>7.5-0.2ka)年代格架.结合粒度、磁化率气候变化代用指标和光释光年龄序列,得到...     

14ka B.P. 以来巴里坤湖区有机碳同位素记录及古气候变化研究

通过有机碳同位素（δ13Corg.）,磁化率和粒度的测定和分析,结合光释光年龄标定,对新疆巴里坤湖区滨湖相沉积物14ka B.P. 以来 δ13Corg. 值变化的影响因素及其反映的气候特征进行了研究。结果表明：在巴里坤湖区植被类型主要以C3植被为主,干湿变化是导致δ13Corg. 值波动的主要因素,在末次冰消期至早全新世阶段（14.0~8.4ka B.P.）,巴里坤湖区周围冰川尚未融化,剖面δ13Corg. 值最为偏正,在-22‰ 到-21‰ 之间变化,暗示剖面处在干旱的气候条件下; 进入全新世后,随着巴里坤山冰川的融化,湖区湿度增加,同位素值持续偏负,达到-23.5‰,同时中值粒径和磁化率同步降低; 在中全新世阶段（7.2~5.0ka B.P.）出现高湖面,同位素值达到-24‰ 左右,为剖面同位素值最低阶段; 中晚全新世阶段（5.0~1.5ka B.P.）δ13Corg. 值开始逐渐偏正,表明气候开始变干; 1.5ka B.P. 至今的 δ13Corg. 值则是在-24‰ ~-23‰ 间频繁波动,反映了该时段气候的不稳定性。     

阿尔金新近纪红粘土的古地磁年代及古气候记录

黄土-古土壤序列、红粘土等风尘堆积由于其本身蕴含着丰富的气候信息而成为研究新生代古气候（东亚季风）演化的理想载体。已有的研究表明大面积连续分布的风尘堆积主要出露在黄土高原及邻区。新近,在青藏高原北缘阿尔金山地区发现了一套厚约88.4m的新近纪红粘土堆积（彩虹沟组）,红粘土本身沉积特征及其与黄土高原典型风成沉积物的诸多相似性表明其为风成产物。生物化石约束下的磁性地层学表明该风尘堆积形成于13.0~2.6Ma。根据沉积物的载磁矿物、磁化率系统差异可将该序列分为上下两段:下段（13.0~11.5Ma）载磁矿物以磁铁矿为主,磁化率值总体较高（平均值为15×10-8m3/kg）且变化频繁,指示了总体湿润但干湿交替明显的古气候;上段（10.3~2.6Ma）稳定的磁化率低值（平均值为9.5×10-8m3/kg,主要载磁矿物为赤铁矿）为干旱少雨背景下的产物。11.5~10.3Ma（过渡段）的磁化率降低及载磁矿物的转变为区域干旱化增强的反映。该次干旱化事件是在全球变冷与副特提斯洋退出的总体背景下,高原北部逐渐向北扩展引起的。