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261.
John W. Larsen Mohammad Mohammadi Ismail Yiginsu 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1984,48(1):135-141
The pyridine extracts from Bruceton and Illinois No. 6 coals were fractionated using gel permeation chromatography and the molecular weight of each fraction was measured using vapor pressure osmometry. If, as has been suggested, coalification is a simple condensation polymerization from a mixture of monomers with gel formation, then as the molecular weight of the components increase, their concentration should decrease. Exactly the opposite behavior is observed. The number average molecular weights for the Bruceton and Illinois No. 6 extracts respectively are 860 daltons and 1100 daltons while the corresponding weight average molecular weights calculated from the molecular weight distribution are 2300 daltons and 2700 daltons. 相似文献
262.
The Kråkenes late-glacial palaeoenvironmental project 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hilary H. Birks R. W. Battarbee D. J. Beerling H. J. B. Birks S. J. Brooks C. A. Duigan S. Gulliksen H. Haflidason F. Hauge V. J. Jones B. Jonsgard M. Kårevik E. Larsen G. Lemdahl R. Løvlie J. Mangerud S. M. Peglar G. Possnert J. P. Smol J. O. Solem I. Solhøy T. Solhøy E. Sønstegaard H. E. Wright 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):281-286
Kråkenes is the site of a small lake on the west coast of Norway that contains a long sequence of late-glacial sediments. The Younger Dryas is well represented, as a cirque glacier developed in the catchment at this time. This site offers unique opportunities to reconstruct late-glacial environments from independent sources of evidence; physical evidence (glacial geomorphology, sedimentology, palaeomagnetism, radiocarbon dating), and biological evidence from the remains of animals and plants derived from both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This report describes the background to the site, and the international multidisciplinary project to reconstruct late-glacial and early Holocene environmental and climatic changes at Kråkenes. 相似文献
263.
The adsorption and desorption of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) on calcite was investigated in a series of batch experiments in calcite-equilibrated solutions. The solutions covered a broad range of pH, alkalinity, calcium concentration and ionic strength. The initial arsenic concentrations were kept low (<33 μM) to avoid surface precipitation. The results show that little or no arsenite sorbs on calcite within 24 h at an initial As concentration of 0.67 μM. In contrast, arsenate sorbs readily and quickly on calcite. Likewise, desorption of arsenate from calcite is fast and complete within hours, indicating that arsenate is not readily incorporated into the calcite crystal lattice. The degree of arsenate sorption depends on the solution chemistry. Sorption increases with decreasing alkalinity, indicating a competition for sorption sites between arsenate and (bi)carbonate. pH also affects the sorption behavior, likely in response to changes in arsenate speciation or protonation/deprotonation of the adsorbing arsenate ion. Finally, sorption is influenced by the ionic strength, possibly due to electrostatic effects. The sorption of arsenate on calcite was modeled successfully using a surface complexation model comprising strong and weak sites. In the model, the adsorbing arsenate species were and . The model was able to correctly predict the adsorption of arsenate in the wide range of calcite-equilibrated solutions used in the batch experiments and to describe the non-linear shape of the sorption isotherms. Extrapolation of the experimental results to calcite bearing aquifers suggests a large variability in the mobility of arsenic. Under reduced conditions, arsenite, which does not sorb on calcite, will dominate and, hence, As will be highly mobile. In contrast, when conditions are oxidizing, arsenate is the predominant species and, because arsenate adsorbs strongly on calcite, As mobility will be significantly retarded. The estimated retardation factors for arsenate in carbonate aquifers range from 25 to 200. 相似文献
264.
Todor Ruskov Ivan Spirov Harry W. Green II Daniela Kovacheva Peter Tzvetkov Milena Georgieva Larissa Dobrzhinetskaya 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2008,35(9):485-491
Analysis of 57Fe transmission Mössbauer spectra collected on a system where the proportional counter has been replaced with a silicon drift detector (SDD) to test milliprobing of mineral samples is described. In the region of the 14.4 keV Mössbauer line the detector has about 70% efficiency and is capable of delivering spectroscopic information with a high energy resolution and high counting rate. Satisfactory results are obtained from a phase analysis of mixtures of olivine and ilmenite in the proportion 97:3, 99:1 wt%, where in the latter case 2.4 μg of Fe3+ in the form of hematite was found in the ilmenite. New perovskite-type minerals (Pb1.33Ba0.67Fe2O5, Pb1.33Sr0.67Fe2O5 and Pb1.33Ba0.33Sr0.33Fe2O5), synthesised by a combustion method, were studied by X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy as well. The advantage of the system with SDD compared to a conventional Mössbauer spectrometer equipped with a proportional counter as a detector is demonstrated for the perovskite samples. The Mössbauer set-up with the silicon drift detector may be successfully used for a wide range of materials containing a negligible amount of iron. 相似文献
265.
This commentary response reflects on the thoughts offered by Solem, Mohan, Rawling, and Lambert regarding Larsen and Harrington's article titled “Developing a Learning Progression for Place” (2018). 相似文献
266.
Troels Schultz Larsen 《Urban geography》2018,39(8):1131-1151
Urban Outcast and advanced marginality belongs to a theory culture rarely engaged in comparative urban studies. Here the potential of advanced marginality as a comparative research strategy is explored paying special attention to the concepts of epistemic reflexivity, analogical reasoning and homology. These concepts are applied as the foundation of a comparative research design comprising three necessary and interconnected analytical moments linking reflexivity, theory and empirical analysis. Empirically this strategy and design is confronted in the case of four Danish “Grey belt” housing estates. The empirical confrontation demonstrates that both strategy and design are relevant and productive. Nevertheless, there is a need to question, adapt and extent the six original properties of advanced marginality. Secondly the empirical confrontation demonstrates that both strategy and design can contribute to the current conversations on the comparative in urban studies empirically and conceptually, underscoring the curiosity of its eclipse in these conversations. 相似文献
267.
创新和创新区已日益成为城市经济发展和城市竞争力的重要元素,在科技和人才日渐成为激发城市创新型经济,及促进城市活力的主导甚至决定性因素的当今时代,尤为如此。通过对欧洲、北美和亚洲三个不同类型的科技型创新区国际最佳实践的系统梳理,甄别出用以打造一个科技型创新区的共通性要素、标准和原则。国际最佳实践证明,科技型创新区的人本化构建正在成为一种主流趋势,即综合考虑人在各阶段、各层次等多样化需求的基础上,通过对文化要素的有效鉴别和这些要素之间的作用机理,使它们有机融合并系统嵌入到创新区的空间打造中。结论表明:要成功打造一个科技型创新区,必须考虑并重视七大要素,即创意人才、企业集群、能动设施、资金保障、运营管理、空间结构和文化氛围。基于此,提出对中国科技型创新区建设与发展的五大启示,即愿景导向下的持续培育、前瞻性定位、人本化空间布局、创新激发型活动安排和多利益群体参与。最后,还提出要从四个方面进行互动关联研究,以构建空间/地方人本化打造的完整理论体系。 相似文献
268.
Jingsui Yang Zhiqin Xu Larissa F. Dobrzhinetskaya Harry W. Green II Xianzhi Pei Rendeng Shi Cailai Wu Joseph L. Wooden Jianxin Zhang Yusheng Wan Haibing Li 《地学学报》2003,15(6):370-379
The Central Orogenic Belt (COB) of China is a major continental collision zone that contains extensive outcrops of deeply subducted and exhumed rocks at both the eastern and the western end of the belt. Here we report discovery of microdiamonds from both eclogites and felsic gneisses in the North Qinling zone in the central portion of the COB. This discovery demonstrates that the country rocks of continental affinity shared in the ultra‐high‐pressure metamorphic (UHPM) event and provides a bridge connecting the two previously recognized UHPM terranes, thereby establishing the existence of a UHPM belt extending more than 4000 km. Geochronological dating yields Early Palaeozoic ages in the west and Early Mesozoic ages in the east, recording two separate continental collisions overprinted within the COB. Occurrence of UHP metamorphism during recurrent continental collision here and in the Alps suggests that deep subduction of continental material during such collisions is probably common rather than exceptional, with significant implications for processes of plate tectonic reorganization and mantle mixing over time. 相似文献
269.
Expression of flavin-containing monooxygenase(s) (FMO) correlates with salinity exposure in certain species of euryhaline fish, such as the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The mechanism(s) by which salinity regulates FMO is unclear. Adult rainbow trout were infused through the dorsal aorta with either cortisol or urea. At 500 ng/ml, cortisol caused a significant increase in FMO-catalyzed thiourea oxidase activity in gill and liver microsomes. FMOI expression, however, was significantly increased by the high cortisol dose only in gill microsomes. The levels of TMAO and urea were not altered by cortisol. In the liver, urea infusion caused an increase in hepatic FMO activity. FMO expression and activity correlated with elevated tissue urea levels, but TMAO concentrations were not related. These results indicate that FMO expression and activity may be partially controlled by the osmoregulatory/stress hormone. cortisol, and concentrations of the organic osmolyte, urea, in the rainbow trout. 相似文献
270.
Sediments from 19 stations in the Gulf of Maine were analyzed for 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds in 1983. Thirteen of the compounds were distributed widely with total concentrations ranging from 10–512 ppb (dry wt). These values are an order of magnitude lower than those observed in the coastal zone but higher than those on Georges Bank. PAH concentration was directly related to grain size, total organic carbon (TOC) and distance from source. PAHs appear to be accumulating in Wilkinson and Jordan Basins but not in Georges Basin. Observed PAH distributions support the conclusion that the principal transport mechanism is through the atmosphere with localized augmentation by sediment resuspension and transport from coastal embayments. 相似文献