2007年海南岛闪电特征初步分析

利用2007年海南岛闪电定位数据,结合人工观测、自动站监测资料和气候地形信息,对闪电发生的频度、强度、机制、分布等要素特征进行初步分析,摸索2007年海南岛闪电的各月份频度、强度变化规律,主要影响机制和影响分布的主要因素.     

Distribution Survey of Soils in the Hainan Island and Their Physico-mechanical Properties

This paper from the point of regional, based on the statistics and analyses on a great number of geotechnical test, deals with the geneses and composition of Hainan soils and the distribution law of various soils in the Hainan Island, the physico-mechanical properties of the soils are also discussed in the paper. All this is the summary on the work during the past three decades. The research results listed in the paper can be used to a certain extent as a reference for the development of the Hainan Island.     

南海西南海域的内波和细结构

根据１９９０年初夏南海西南部水域的两个连续站ＣＴＤ和多层海流计资料及５０多个大面站ＣＴＤ资料的分析研究得到一些关于此海域的内波和细结构的特性。它包括等温、盐、密度面起伏的特性，盐度双跃层和逆盐层等长存性细结构、温度Ｃｏｘ数的概率密度函数及流速频谱的特性，Ｃｏｘ数和温度脉动垂向波数谱的一般品性及其随水层和地域的变化规律等诸方面。     

Estimating submarine groundwater discharge at a subtropical river estuary along the Beibu Gulf,China

In certain regions,submarine groundwater discharge(SGD) into the ocean plays a significant role in coastal material fluxes and their biogeochemical cycle;therefore,the impact of SGD on the ecosystem cannot be ignored.In this study,SGD was estimated using naturally occurring radium isotopes(~(223)Ra and ~(224)Ra) in a subtropical estuary along the Beibu Gulf,China.The results showed that the Ra activities of submarine groundwater were approximately 10 times higher than those of surface water.By assuming a steady state and using an Ra mass balance model,the SGD flux in May 2018 was estimated to be 5.98×10~6 m~3/d and 3.60×10~6 m~3/d based on ~(224)Ra and ~(223)Ra,respectively.At the same time,the activities of Ra isotopes fluctuated within a tidal cycle;that is,a lower activity was observed at high tide and a higher activity was seen at low tide.Based on these variations,the average tidal pumping fluxes of SGD were 1.15×10~6 m~3/d and 2.44×10~6 m~3/d with ~(224)Ra and ~(223)Ra,respectively.Tidaldriven SGD accounts for 24%-51% of the total SGD.Therefore,tidal pumping is an important driving force of the SGD in the Dafengjiang River(DFJR) Estuary.Furthermore,the SGD of the DFJR Estuary in the coastal zone contributes significantly to the seawater composition of the Beibu Gulf and the material exchange between land and sea.     

海南岛土类的分布概况及物理力学特性

本文对以往三十来年的工作进行了总结,在统计和分析大量的土工试验资料的基础上,从区域土质学的观点出发,研究了海南岛土类的成因、成份及各种土类的分布规律,探索了各类土的物理力学特性。文中所列的海南岛各种土类的物理力学试验研究成果,对今后海南岛的进一步开发有一定的参考价值。     

Investigation of microbial influences on seafloor gas-hydrate formations

Microbial communities flourish at gas hydrate occurrences in ocean sediments. Studies are reported in this paper on the laboratory production, separation, characterization and hydrate catalysis of biosurfactants from cultures of the Bacillus subtilis bacterium associated with Gulf of Mexico gas-hydrate accumulations. The B. subtilis bacterium from ATCC 21332 species was cultured anaerobically with glucose as carbon-source to produce surfactin, one of the more potent surface active agents known. The surface-active agent was removed from the broth in foam created by bubbling inert gas through the mixture, and biosurfactant was then recovered from the collapsed-foam distilled water solution by acid precipitation and dichloromethane extraction. According to HPLC spectra, five surfactin isomers were identified in the sample of laboratory-generated biosurfactant. Recovered surfactin was then used to perform gas-hydrate formation studies in porous media saturated with the surfactin-water solution. Gas-hydrate induction time and formation rate determinations showed that the anaerobically-produced biosurfactants catalyzed hydrate formation markedly. The tests suggest prolific surfactin production by the B. subtilis bacterium and of other species under prevailing anaerobic conditions around seafloor gas hydrates that promotes hydrate formation and the propensity of the bioproduct to be dispersed in the porous media by natural gas vents.     

油气混输系统的实验研究与实验模拟准则

描述了油气混输系统的实验研究,特别是多相流的流态、增压、计量系统的实验研究,并用动力相似理论分析了油气混输两相管流实验模拟所需满足的相似参数,提出了各种简化条件下的相似规律,讨论了用水和空气的两相流动来模拟原油和天然气的两相流动的可靠性和提高实验精度的手段和方法。     

New evidence of sea‐level lowstands and paleoenvironment during MIS 6 and 4 in the Cantabrian coastal karst: the Cobiheru cave (North Iberia)

The geomorphological evolution of the Cobiheru Cave shows the influence of the non‐carbonate coastal mountain ranges on coastal karst evolution, as well as the temporal distribution of the cold‐adapted fauna sites in the Cantabrian Coast. Geomorphological observation and uranium/thorium (U/Th) dating lead to the construction of an evolution model. The model comprises two episodes of cave deposition occurring at c. 60–70 and 130–150 ka, linked to cold climate conditions, global sea‐level lowstands and the erosion of alluvial fans that covered the karst. Moreover, the comparison between the Cobiheru record and some raised beaches identified in previous studies sets the beginning of the sea‐level lowering in the Cantabrian Sea during the marine isotope stages (MIS) 5–4 transition. Two palaeoenvironments are inferred based on finding Equus ferus and Elona quimperiana. A wet deciduous forest would have developed on the emerged marine terrace of the Cobiheru Cave since at least the Middle Pleistocene, and an open landscape with scarce vegetation would have been present at c. 65 ka. The erosional event identified in the Cobiheru Cave helps to understand the temporal distribution of cold‐adapted mammals located in the Asturias region. The probable sites of cold‐adapted fauna developed in caves and alluvial fans would have disappeared after 65 ka. Therefore, palaeontological and palaeoclimate research based on cold‐adapted mammals suggests the occurrence of an hiatus in the palaeontological record prior to 50 ka. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ARL8680型X射线荧光光谱仪故障维修几例

介绍瑞士ARL8680型X射线荧光光谱仪在更换高压发生器后出现的故障现象、原因及处理方法。     

雅鲁藏布江断裂带的形成

雅江断裂带①主要由4条断层组成3个向西南突出的巨大弧形断裂带。晚三叠世至第四纪,雅江断裂带都有沉积地层发育,从西北向东南,各弧形断裂带成为相继接受沉积的坳陷区,而同一时期,与之紧邻的南北两盘却为隆升区。雅江断裂带,正是在该区地壳多次层波运动中形成的。