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181.
Rezaee Hassan Marcotte Denis Tahmasebi Pejman Saucier Antoine 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2015,29(3):893-913
Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment - This study presents a new approach of generating a set of alternative training images (ATI) to use in patch-based multiple-point simulation.... 相似文献
182.
Denis Scholz Christian Mühlinghaus Augusto Mangini 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(9):2592-695
We derive equations describing the evolution of the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of the bicarbonate in a calcite precipitating solution on the surface of a stalagmite using a classical Rayleigh approach. The combined effects of calcite precipitation, degassing of CO2 and the buffering effect of the water reservoir are taken into account. Whereas δ13C shows a progressive increase to a final constant value, δ18O shows an initial isotopic enrichment, which exponentially decays due to the buffering effect of the water reservoir. The calculated evolution is significantly different for both carbon and oxygen isotopes than derived in a recent paper [Dreybrodt W. (2008) Evolution of the isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen in a calcite precipitating H2O-CO2-CaCO3 solution and the related isotopic composition of calcite in stalagmites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta72, 4712-4724.].Furthermore, we discuss the isotopic evolution of the bicarbonate in the solution for long residence times on the stalagmite surface, i.e., for t→∞. The equilibrium isotope ratio of the bicarbonate is then determined by isotopic exchange between the cave atmosphere and the bicarbonate in the solution and can be calculated by equilibrium isotope fractionation. For strongly ventilated caves exchange with the cave atmosphere will result in higher δ13C and δ18O values than those observed in a pure Rayleigh distillation scenario, for sparsely ventilated caves it will result in lower δ13C and δ18O values. 相似文献
183.
Natalia Pardo Denis Ramón Avellán José Luis Macías Teresa Scolamacchia Dionisio Rodríguez 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008
Asososca maar is located at the western outskirts of Managua, Nicaragua, in the central part of the active, N–S trending and right-lateral Nejapa–Miraflores fault that marks an offset of the Middle America Volcanic Arc. It constitutes one of the ∼ 21 vents aligned along the fault, between the Chiltepe Volcanic Complex to the North and Ticomo vents to the South. 相似文献
184.
The influence of riverine inputs on biogeochemical cycling and organic matter recycling in sediments on the continental shelf off the Rhône River mouth (NW Mediterranean Sea) was investigated by measuring sediment oxygen uptake rates using a combination of in situ and laboratory techniques. Four stations were investigated during two cruises in June 2001 and June 2002, with depths ranging from 9 to 192 m and over a distance to the Rhône River mouth ranging from 4 to 36 km. Diffusive oxygen uptake (DOU) rates were determined using an in situ sediment microprofiler and total oxygen uptake (TOU) rates were measured using sediment core incubations. There was good agreement between these two techniques which indicates that the non-diffusive fraction of the oxygen flux was minimal at the investigated stations. DOU rates ranged from 3.7±0.4 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 at the continental shelf break to 19.3±0.5 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 in front of the Rhône River mouth. Sediment oxygen uptake rates mostly decreased with increasing depth and with distance from the Rhône mouth. The highest oxygen uptake rate was observed at 63 m on the Rhône prodelta, corresponding to intense remineralization of organic matter. This oxygen uptake rate was much larger than expected for the increasing bathymetry, which indicates that biogeochemical cycles and benthic deposition are largely influenced by the Rhône River inputs. This functioning was also supported by the detailed spatial distribution of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and C/N atomic ratio in surficial sediments. Sediments of the Rhône prodelta are enriched in organic carbon (2–2.2%) relative to the continental shelf sediments (<1%) and showed C/N ratios exceeding Redfield stoichiometry for fresh marine organic matter. A positive exponential correlation was found between DOU and TOC contents (r2=0.98, n=4). South-westward of the Rhône River mouth, sediments contained highly degraded organic matter of both terrestrial and marine origin, due to direct inputs from the Rhône River, sedimentation of marine organic matter and organic material redeposition after resuspension events. 相似文献
185.
采用二维显式有限差分法与三维隐式有限单元法,分别计算了模型剖面上断层逆冲运动和三维断层逆冲运动伴随的断层邻域应力场。结果表明:(1)逆冲断层上盘下端部发育张应力场,下盘下端部发育压应力场;(2)对复杂的三维构造,在一定限定条件下,可以转化成二维问题进行计算;(3)显式差分法与隐式有限单元,都能较好地用接触模型模拟活动断层的应力场特征 相似文献
186.
Microseismicity and focal mechanisms at the western termination of the North Anatolian Fault and their implications for continental tectonics 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Denis Hatzfeld Maria Ziazia Despina Kementzetzidou Panayotis Hatzidimitriou Dimitris Panagiotopoulos Kostas Makropoulos Panayotis Papadimitriou & Anne Deschamps 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,137(3):891-908
For seven weeks, a temporary network of 68 seismological stations was operated in Central Greece, in the region of Thessaly and Evia, located at the western termination of the North Anatolian Fault system. We recorded 510 earthquakes and computed 80 focal mechanisms. Seismic activity is associated with the NE–SW dextral North Aegean Fault, or with very young E–W-striking normal faults that are located around the Gulf of Volos and the Gulf of Lamia. The important NW–SE-striking faults bounding the Pilion, or the basins of Larissa and Karditsa, are not seismically active, suggesting that it is easier to break continental crust, creating new faults perpendicular to the principal stresses, than to reactivate faults that strike obliquely to the principal stress axes 相似文献
187.
We present a comparison between several methods used to reconstruct fluxes and vertical profiles of wind, temperature and
humidity from measurements at two levels in the atmospheric surface layer for different practical applications. An analytical
method and an iterative method are tested by evaluating the quality of estimations of surface fluxes from detailed field measurements
obtained during a campaign on the site of Lannemezan in the south-west of France. The iterative method yields better results,
but the analytical one can give results of the same level of accuracy provided that specific constants in its formulation
are modified. Then these techniques are applied to wind and temperature reconstruction for an experiment dedicated to wind
power estimates over flat terrain. If turbulent fluxes are not needed, a simple power law appears to be sufficient, as the
method based on Monin–Obukhov theory does not improve the accuracy of the vertical profile reconstruction. 相似文献
188.
Analytical Procedures for the Measurement of Boron Isotope Compositions by Ion Microprobe in Meteorites and Mantle Rocks 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Marc Chaussidon François Robert Denis Mangin Pascal Hanon Estelle F. Rose 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1997,21(1):7-17
An analytical procedure has been developed to measure in situ the 11 B/10 B ratio in terrestrial basaltic rocks and meteoritic chondrules having B concentration of less than 1 μg g?1 using a small radius ims3f ion microprobe. The central difficulties for these measurements are (i) the removal of the trace amount of B contamination introduced in the sample during polishing, (ii) the precise calibration of instrumental mass fractionation of B isotopes and (iii) the low count rates of 10 B and 11 B. Contamination experiments conducted with isotopically labelled B enriched in 10 B showed that ultrasonic cleaning in bi-distilled water (< 1 ng g?1 B) and pre-sputtering of the analysed area decrease B contamination to the level of 0.01 μg g?1. Analyses of isotope standards spanning a range of 11 B/10 B between 3.93 and 4.20 showed that instrumental mass fractionation was constant within? during one session of analyses. Repeated analyses of a standard glass showed a reproducibility of instrumental mass fractionation between February 1991 and October 1996 of 1.3. Taking into account all sources of error, boron isotope measurements are accurate to within 5 for meteoritic samples having B contents in the range 0.1 to 1 μg g?1. A slightly better accuracy of 1.5 can be achieved for basaltic glasses which can be sputtered with very intense primary beams. 相似文献
189.
Seismic (air-gun) and 3.5-kHz systems and coring in the northwestern sector of the Hellenic Arc, Ionian Sea, serve to define the regional configuration, attitude and geometry of the unconsolidated sedimentary cover in a compressive tectonic setting. The Pliocene and Quaternary deposits are deformed to varying degrees throughout the region southwest of the island of Zakinthos. Depositional trends, overall structural configuration of the cover, and assemblages of deformation structures, including tilted, folded and faulted strata associated with a very complex topography, clearly reflect syndepositional modification in a tectonically mobile area. The structural attitude of the unconsolidated strata can be distinguished from that in tectonically active regions of the Mediterranean where extension prevails. The youthful physiography, sediment dispersal patterns and depositional distribution reveal prevailing NW—SE and NE—SW trends. Sediment deformation structures, whose axes strike primarily NW—SE, reveal a general NE—SW compressive stress trend. The geologically recent nature and orientation of the deformation are compatible with present theories concerning the evolution of the Hellenic Arc. 相似文献
190.