Morphological Evolution and Its Response to the Navigational Improvements in the North Passage,Yangtze Estuary

By use of bathymetric chart,recent change of the riverbed in the North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary has been studied in this paper.The main channel of the upper,middle and lower(section)in the North Passage has been successively eroded and its groin field significantly deposited.At the same time,sediment has been deposited on the entrance region.Erosion and deposition had responded rapidly to the construction of the regulation engineering.There was about one year duration of lagging between erosion in the deep channel and the construction of the regulation engineering.The siltation lag of time in the groin field varied with the initial depth,but the average deposited thickness was about 0.5 m per year.Volumetric analysis demonstrates that there is a increasing trend of siltation in the North Passage after 2002,because of the difference in duration and quantity between erosion in the deep channel and deposition in the groin field.The water volume of the North Passage was reduced by ≈9%(280 million m3)between 2002 and 2006.Sediment budget reveals that the main sediment deposited in the North Passage takes its source from the river and the ocean.The decreasing water volume was attributable to shoaling in the groin field.Its triggering factors for increased sedimentation are the navigational improvements(jetties and groins)after 1998,which altered the passage boundary and destroyed the equilibrium state on the average ebb and flood sediment fluxes.The establishment of a stable estuary is attributed to a reduction in depth of the groin field.The forecast on the sediment deposition quantity and continuous infilling time in the groin system is about 325×106m3 and 6～7 years,respectively.     

基于注意力机制LSTM的电离层TEC预测

电离层总电子含量(Total Electron Content,TEC)的监测与预报是空间环境研究的重要内容,对卫星通讯和导航定位等有重要意义.TEC值影响因素较多,很难确定精确物理模型来对其进行预测.本文设计了基于注意力机制的LSTM模型(Att-LSTM),采用过去24小时TEC观测数据对未来TEC进行预测.选择北半球东经100°上,每2.5°纬度选择一个位置,共计36个位置来验证本文提出模型的性能,并与主流的深度学习模型如DNN、RNN、LSTM进行对比实验.取得了如下成果：(1)在选定的36个地区未来2小时单点预测上,基于本文的Att-LSTM模型的TEC预测性能明显优于其他对比模型;(2)讨论了纬度对Att-LSTM预测未来2小时TEC值时性能的影响,发现在北纬0°到60°之间,Att-LSTM预测性能随着纬度的升高而略有降低,在北纬62.5°~87.5°之间,模型预测性能出现扰动,预测效果略差;(3)讨论了磁暴期和磁静期模型的预测性能,发现无论是磁暴期还是磁静期,本文模型预测性能均较好;(4)还讨论了对未来多时点预测效果,实验结果表明,本文所提出的模型对未来2、4个小时的预测拟合度R-Square均超过0.95,预测结果比较可靠,对未来6、8、10个小时预测拟合度最高为0.7934,预测拟合度R-Square下降迅速,预测结果不可靠.

     

Hafnium Isotope and Trace Element Constraints on the Nature of Mantle Heterogeneity beneath the Central Southwest Indian Ridge (13{degrees}E to 47{degrees}E)

Hafnium isotope and incompatible trace element data are presentedfor a suite of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) from 13 to 47°Eon the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), one of the slowest spreadingand most isotopically heterogeneous mid-ocean ridges. Variationsin Nd–Hf isotope compositions and Lu/Hf ratios clearlydistinguish an Atlantic–Pacific-type MORB source, presentwest of 26°E, characterized by relatively low _Hf valuesfor a given _Nd relative to the regression line through all Nd–Hfisotope data for oceanic basalts (termed the ‘Nd–Hfmantle array line’; the deviation from this line is termed_Hf) and low Lu/Hf ratios, from an Indian Ocean-type MORB signature,present east of 32°E, characterized by relatively high _Hfvalues and Lu/Hf ratios. Additionally, two localized, isotopicallyanomalous areas, at 13–15°E and 39–41°E,are characterized by distinctly low negative and high positive_Hf values, respectively. The low _Hf MORB from 13 to 15°Eappear to reflect contamination by HIMU-type mantle from thenearby Bouvet mantle plume, whereas the trace element and isotopiccompositions of MORB from 39 to 41°E are most consistentwith contamination by metasomatized Archean continental lithosphericmantle. Relatively small source-melt fractionation of Lu/Hfrelative to Sm/Nd, compared with MORB from faster-spreadingridges, argues against a significant role for garnet pyroxenitein the generation of most central SWIR MORB. Correlations between_Hf and Sr and Pb isotopic and trace element ratios clearly delineatea high-_Hf ‘Indian Ocean mantle component’ that canexplain the isotope composition of most Indian Ocean MORB asmixtures between this component and a heterogeneous Atlantic–Pacific-typeMORB source. The Hf, Nd and Sr isotope compositions of IndianOcean MORB appear to be most consistent with the hypothesisthat this component represents fragments of subduction-modifiedlithospheric mantle beneath Proterozoic orogenic belts thatfoundered into the nascent Indian Ocean upper mantle duringthe Mesozoic breakup of Gondwana. KEY WORDS: mid-ocean ridge basalt; isotopes; incompatible elements; Indian Ocean     

南海北部冬、夏季浮游群落呼吸率

Plankton respiration is an important part of the carbon cycle and significantly affects the balance of autotrophic assimilation and heterotrophic production in oceanic ecosystems. In the present study, respiration rates of the euphotic zone plankton community(CR_(eu)), size fractionated chlorophyll a concentration(Chl a), bacterial abundance(BAC), and dissolved oxygen concentration(DO) were investigated during winter and summer in the northern South China Sea(n SCS). The results show that there were obvious spatial and temporal variations in CR_(eu) in the n SCS(ranging from 0.03 to 1.10 μmol/(L·h)), CR_(eu) in winter((0.53±0.27) μmol/(L·h)) was two times higher than that in summer((0.26±0.20) μmol/(L·h)), and decreased gradually from the coastal zone to the open sea. The distribution of CR_(eu) was affected by coupled physical-chemical-biological processes, driven by monsoon events. The results also show that CR_(eu) was positively correlated with Chl a, BAC, and DO, and that BAC contributed the highest CR_(eu) variability. Furthermore, the results of the stepwise multiple linear regression suggest that bacteria and phytoplankton were the dominant factors in determining CR_(eu)(R~2 = 0.82, p0.05) in the n SCS. Based on this relationship, we estimated the integrated water column respiration rate(CRint) within 100 m of the investigated area, and found that the relationship between the biomass of the plankton community and respiration may be nonlinear in the water column.     

周边社区经济对漳江口红树林自然保护区资源依赖程度调查研究

以漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区为例,研究周边社区经济对自然保护区资源的依赖程度。选择竹塔村和船场村为研究对象,按滩涂承包户、鱼塘养殖户及农户3大类随机分层抽样的方式选择适当数量的样本进行入户调查。调查结果表明,社区经济对红树林自然保护区依赖方式主要有滩涂承包、讨小海、受雇捡拾海产品及鱼塘养殖。用依赖系数作为衡量社区经济对自然保护区资源依赖程度的指标,从3个层面来分析依赖系数,一是以村为基本单位的层面,竹塔村、船场村两村依赖于红树林保护区资源的经济收入成份分别为48.4%和51%;二是以户为单位的层面,竹塔村调查样本依赖系数D>50%的占总样本数的46%,船场村为41%;三是以不同调查群体为单位的层面,滩涂承包户及鱼塘养殖户对红树林保护区资源的依赖系数非常高,接近于100%,而对于农户来说,对红树林保护区资源的依赖系数相对低一些,在其经济收入超过全村平均值的群体中,农户对红树林保护区资源依赖系数大于50%的,竹塔村占6.3%,船场村占16.7%。村民的经济收入结构中,依赖于红树林国家级保护区的经济成份占有重大比重。提出政府应该鼓励村民公众参与保护区管理,使得村庄与保护区和谐发展的建议。     

1:50 000重庆市奉节县幅灾害地质图数据集

奉节县是中国三峡库区地质灾害高发区县,区内地形起伏,构造和软弱岩层发育,地质环境较脆弱,通过对研究区开展野外地质调查,查清了区内地质灾害分布规律及孕灾地质背景,整合灾害、地质和地理信息等数据,首次编制了奉节县幅1∶50 000灾害地质图,建立数据集。本文从数据来源、数据收集方法、处理技术等方面进行了整理和归纳,以期呈现地质灾害调查领域灾害地质图数据集应用的实例,为该类型地质调查和数据集处理及应用提供参考。     

桂西孤立台地寒武系白云岩中的卡林型金矿床 ——以隆林德峨金矿为例

德峨金矿位于桂西隆林孤立碳酸盐岩台地内部,赋矿地层为寒武系含砂泥质白云岩,近东西向断层或节理密集带是主要的控矿构造.矿化体包括断控型和层控型2种.热液矿物组合以黄铁矿-毒砂-辉锑矿-石英-方解石为主,蚀变以硅化、白云石化、绢云母化为特征.载金黄铁矿具显微环带结构,核部低As高S、Fe,环带反之,推测Au主要以离子形式赋存于黄铁矿环带和毒砂中.成矿流体具有中低温(182～296℃)、低盐度w(NaCleq)(0.53％～8.81％)的特点,石英包裹体中水的DV-SMOW值在-71.2‰～-62.9‰之间,石英矿物δ18OV-SMOW值在22.3‰～23.5‰之间,计算出与石英平衡的流体δ18OH2O为12.13‰～14.72‰,暗示成矿流体为多种流体混合.方解石δ13CV-PDB为-7.5‰～0.6‰,δ18OH2O为19.2‰～20.6‰,表明成矿热液中碳主要来源于海相碳酸盐岩的溶解.沉积成因黄铁矿δ34S为-21.81‰～14.15‰,离散度很大,具有沉积来源的特点;热液黄铁矿环带为-7.52‰～1.23‰,与毒砂类似(平均值为-3.83‰),且由核部向外环带逐渐向零值附近靠拢,结合金主要赋存在黄铁矿环带和毒砂的事实,暗示成矿热液可能以岩浆热液为主,环带的震荡变化可能跟岩浆硫上升过程中与大气降水、盆地建造水的不同程度混合有关.上述特征表明,德峨金矿具有卡林型金矿的一般特点,独特之处是其构造部位上处于孤立台地内部,赋矿地层为寒武系不纯白云岩.据此文章提出桂西孤立碳酸盐岩台地内部具有一定的找矿潜力,寒武系不纯白云岩是新的找矿层位和岩性,断裂构造和岩性是最主要的控矿因素.此认识对桂西地区卡林型金矿找矿工作向孤立台地内部探索具有重要的指导意义.     

砂土中四筒导管架风机基础抗弯承载力研究

针对一种四筒导管架海上风机基础,基于有限元数值分析,通过建立砂土中不同筒径和筒高的四筒导管架基础有限元模型,研究砂土中单调弯矩荷载的作用下,筒径与筒高对导管架基础抗弯承载力的影响。分析结果表明:四筒导管架风机基础的抗弯承载力随着筒高或筒径的增加呈明显的增长趋势,相比于筒径的增加,筒高的增加对提高基础抗弯承载力更为有效;在极限弯矩荷载的作用下,基础旋转中心水平向位置受筒高的影响较大,但竖向位置受筒高和筒径的影响很小。     

南极绕极流的经向输运

南极绕极流(ACC)是南大洋中最显著的流动，流量超过130×106m3/s (Nowlin et al.，1986)。传统认为，由于以东向运动为主的ACC的存在极大地阻碍了南大洋中上层的南北向物质和能量的交换，绕极流区的经向输运是非常小的。但是近些年的研究发现，穿过ACC的通量并不是可以忽略不计的，它对维持南极和亚南极区的动力和热力平衡起着重要作用，在全球气候系统中也有着深刻的影响(Doos et al.，1994)。