全文获取类型
收费全文 | 37544篇 |
免费 | 1099篇 |
国内免费 | 1016篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 948篇 |
大气科学 | 2898篇 |
地球物理 | 7710篇 |
地质学 | 13766篇 |
海洋学 | 3406篇 |
天文学 | 8228篇 |
综合类 | 274篇 |
自然地理 | 2429篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 273篇 |
2021年 | 446篇 |
2020年 | 425篇 |
2019年 | 486篇 |
2018年 | 914篇 |
2017年 | 872篇 |
2016年 | 1035篇 |
2015年 | 704篇 |
2014年 | 1034篇 |
2013年 | 1878篇 |
2012年 | 1336篇 |
2011年 | 1792篇 |
2010年 | 1574篇 |
2009年 | 2043篇 |
2008年 | 1726篇 |
2007年 | 1791篇 |
2006年 | 1730篇 |
2005年 | 1253篇 |
2004年 | 1165篇 |
2003年 | 1089篇 |
2002年 | 1028篇 |
2001年 | 866篇 |
2000年 | 843篇 |
1999年 | 686篇 |
1998年 | 723篇 |
1997年 | 703篇 |
1996年 | 582篇 |
1995年 | 569篇 |
1994年 | 488篇 |
1993年 | 435篇 |
1992年 | 437篇 |
1991年 | 400篇 |
1990年 | 461篇 |
1989年 | 385篇 |
1988年 | 357篇 |
1987年 | 438篇 |
1986年 | 346篇 |
1985年 | 432篇 |
1984年 | 531篇 |
1983年 | 454篇 |
1982年 | 452篇 |
1981年 | 404篇 |
1980年 | 419篇 |
1979年 | 361篇 |
1978年 | 351篇 |
1977年 | 345篇 |
1976年 | 310篇 |
1975年 | 297篇 |
1974年 | 312篇 |
1973年 | 340篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
951.
952.
V. L. Afanas’ev S. N. Dodonov A. V. Moiseev A. G. Gorshkov V. K. Konnikova M. G. Mingaliev 《Astronomy Reports》2006,50(4):255-272
We present classifications, optical identifications, and radio spectra for 19 radio sources from three complete samples, with declinations 4°–6° (B1950, S 3.9 GHz > 200 mJy), 10°–12°30′ (J2000, S 4.85 GHz > 200 mJy), and 74°–75° (J2000, S 4.85 GHz > 100 mJy). We also present corresponding information for the radio source J0527+0331. The right ascensions are 0–24h and the Galactic latitudes |b| > 15° for all the samples. Our observations were obtained with the 6 m telescope from the Special Astrophysical Observatory in the range 4000–9000 Å or 4000–7500 Å and the RATAN-600 radio telescope at frequencies in the range 0.97–21.7 GHz. We obtained flux densities for the radio sources and optical spectra for their optical counterparts. Nine objects were classified as quasars with redshifts from z = 1.029 to 3.212; nine objects are emission-line galaxies with redshifts from 0.172 to 0.546, and one is a galaxy with burstlike star formation at z = 0.156, and one is a BL Lac object with z = 0.509. The spectra of five radio sources were decomposed into extended and compact components. The radio source J0527+0331, identified with a BL Lac object, displays significant variations of time scales from several days to several years. Data on flux variations are presented for 11 radio sources, as well as their spectra at several epochs. 相似文献
953.
V. V. Seredin Yu. A. Danilcheva L. O. Magazina I. G. Sharova 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2006,41(3):280-301
Results of the study of a new Ge-bearing area of the Pavlovka brown coal deposit are presented. Ge is accumulated in bed III2 lying at the bottom of the Late Paleogene-Early Neogene coal-bearing sequence adjacent to the Middle Paleozoic granite basement. The Ge content in coals and coal-bearing rocks varies in different sections from 10 to 200–250 ppm, reaching up to 500–600 ppm in the highest-grade lower part of the bed. The metalliferous area reveals a geochemical zoning: complex Ge-Mo-W anomalies subsequently grades along the depth and strike into Mo-W and W anomalies. Orebodies, like those at many Ge-bearing coal deposits, are concentric in plan and dome-shaped in cross-section. Coals in their central parts, in addition to Ge, W, and Mo, are enriched in U, As, Be, Ag, and Au. Distribution of Ge and other trace elements in the metalliferous sequence and products of gravity separation of Ge-bearing coals is studied. These data indicate that most elements (W, Mo, U, As, Be) concentrated like Ge in the Ge-bearing bed relative to background values are restricted to the organic matter of coals. The electron microscopic study shows that Ge-bearing coals contain native metals and intermetallic compounds in association with carbonates, sulfides, and halogenides. Coal inclusions in the metalliferous and barren areas of the molasse section strongly differ in contents of Ge and associated trace elements. Ge was accumulated in the coals in the course of the interaction of ascending metalliferous solutions with organic matter of the buried peat bogs in Late Miocene. The solutions were presumably represented by N2-bearing thermal waters (contaminated by volcanogenic CO2) that are typical of granite terranes. 相似文献
954.
A salt water lens is found above fresh water under the shore between Dunkerque (France) and Nieuwpoort (Belgium). This inverse density distribution is in a dynamic equilibrium. It develops due to the infiltration of salt water on the back shore during high tide. Under this salt water lens, water infiltrated in the adjacent dune area flows towards the sea and discharges at the seabed. This water quality distribution differs from the classic salt water wedge under fresh water described in the literature. Here, the evolution to this water quality distribution is simulated with a density dependent numerical model. A large tidal range, shore morphology and a permeable groundwater reservoir are the main conditions for the observed water quality distribution. By altering these conditions, intermediate water quality distributions between the classic salt water wedge and the one discussed here develop. Based on these simulations, it is expected that similar kinds of inverse density distribution could be present in a number of coastal areas, which have tides, a gently sloping shore and a permeable substratum. 相似文献
955.
We have used high-resolution spectra to study the chemical composition of HR 1512, a star with effective temperature T eff = 15 200 K, atmospheric gravity log g = 3.52, microturbulence parameter V t = 1.5 km/s, and rotation rate v sin i = 17 km s?1. We confirm the presence of a helium deficiency (?0.6 dex), indicating that HR 1512 is a helium-weak star. Its considerable phosphorus excess (1.6 dex) testifies that the star belongs to the PGa subtype. We suggest that the He and P abundances increase with height; i.e., that there is stratification of He and P in the star’s atmosphere. Among the CNO elements, nitrogen demonstrates an underabundance of ?0.4 dex, while the abundances of carbon and oxygen are solar. Deficits of about ?0.5 or ?0.6 dex were also found for Mg, Si, and S. A neon excess of 0.4 dex was derived from our non-LTE analysis of NeI lines. The largest excess among the iron-peak elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni) is 0.6 dex, for manganese; the abundances of chromium and nickel display excesses of 0.5 and 0.3 dex, respectively, while the iron abundance is almost normal. The chemical anomalies of HR 1512 generally agree with those for mercury-manganese stars. This supports the hypothesis that PGa stars represent an extension of HgMn stars to higher temperatures. 相似文献
956.
Dissolved trace elements in river water: spatial distribution and the influencing factor, a study for the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. P. Ouyang Z. Y. Zhu Y. Q. Kuang N. S. Huang J. J. Tan G. Z. Guo L. S. Gu B. Sun 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(5):733-742
Twenty-nine water samples were collected from different river channels of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China. An inductively
coupled plasma-mass spectromonitor (ICP-MS) was used to measure concentrations of the trace elements in these samples. The
results suggest that the average concentrations of rare earth elements in river water show an increasing trend from the West
River, the North River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta, and the Shenzhen River to the East River. Relatively high concentrations
of heavy metals appear in the East River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta and the Shenzhen River, while the West River
and the North River have relatively low heavy metal concentrations. Trace element concentrations in samples collected near
urban or industrial areas are much higher than those of samples collected from distant areas, away from urban and industrial
areas. After natural conditions, human activities have significant influence on the trace element concentrations in river
water. This trace element concentration’s spatial distribution in the river water from the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone
is actually an integrated effect of natural conditions and human activity. 相似文献
957.
L. N. Kogarko 《Geochemistry International》2006,44(1):3-10
Alkaline magmatism has occurred since 2.5–2.7 Ga and its abundance has continuously increased throughout the Earth’s history.
Alkaline rocks appeared on the Earth with changes in the geodynamic regime of our planet, i.e., when plume tectonics was supplemented
by plate tectonics. Global-scale development of plate tectonics at the Archean—Proterozoic boundary initiated subduction of
already significantly oxidized oceanic crust enriched in volatiles and large-scale mantle metasomatism caused the formation
of enriched reservoirs as sources of alkaline and carbonatite magmatism. Study of metasomatized mantle material showed the
occurrence of traces of primary carbonatite melts, which are strongly enriched in rare elements, according to ion-microprobe
analyses. The results obtained allowed us to propose a new two-stage genetic model for Ca-rich carbonatites including (1)
metasomatic wehrlitization and carbonatization of mantle material and (2) partial melting of wehrlitized mantle with formation
of carbonate-rich melts or three immiscible liquids (at high alkali contents), i.e., silicate, carbonatitic, and sulfide (at
high sulfur activity).
Original Russian Text L.N. Kogarko, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 1, pp. 5–13. 相似文献
958.
The authors identify and describe the following global forces of nature driving the Earth’s climate: (1) solar radiation as a dominant external energy supplier to the Earth, (2) outgassing as a major supplier of gases to the World Ocean and the atmosphere, and, possibly, (3) microbial activities generating and consuming atmospheric gases at the interface of lithosphere and atmosphere. The writers provide quantitative estimates of the scope and extent of their corresponding effects on the Earth’s climate. Quantitative comparison of the scope and extent of the forces of nature and anthropogenic influences on the Earth’s climate is especially important at the time of broad-scale public debates on current global warming. The writers show that the human-induced climatic changes are negligible. 相似文献
959.
During the excavations for the foundations of a three storey building on the limestone tuffs of Condeixa, Central Portugal,
a large dissolution fissure and smaller dissolution voids were found. Since the area has never been the subject of engineering
geology investigation, it was decided to evaluate the risk associated with the construction of the building. These limestone
tuffs were formed in a continental environment by the precipitation of calcite carried by the water coming from the large
limestone body in the east. The precipitated calcite mixed with the terrigenous materials and around trunks and leaves of
plants, originating a very heterogeneous and porous ground, which is characteristic of limestone tuffs. The study started
with a detailed geological survey followed by a large number of destructive drillings, located essentially under the pad foundations.
The results revealed several karstic cavities with serious problems for the building foundations and the structure, and many
smaller dissolution cavities, often filled with clayey soils. The ground treatment solutions used included, dental cleaning,
filling with concrete or granular material the dissolution structures accessible at the level of the foundation, reinforcement
of the footing and the structure of the building and adding a continuous foundation beam to hold the foundations together.
The cost of the engineering geology study, site investigation, ground treatment, and the reinforcement of the foundation and
building, increased the total construction cost from 2%, at the design stage, to 4.8%. 相似文献
960.
We present three-dimensional hydrodynamical modeling of mass transfer in the close binary system β Lyr taking into account explicitly radiative cooling and the stellar wind of the accretor. Our computations show that flow forces wind out from the orbital plane, where an accretion disk with a radius of 0.4–0.5 and a height of about 0.15–0.17 (in units of orbital separation) is formed. Gas motions directed upward from the orbital plane are initiated in the region of interaction of the flow from L1 and the accretor wind (x = 0.91, y = ?0.17); i.e., a jetlike structure forms. This structure has the shape of a gas pillar above the orbital plane, where gas moves with the velocity of stellar wind. The number density of the gas in this structure is about 1014 cm?3, and its temperature is 20 000–45 000 K. At heights of about 0.15–0.20 above the orbital plane, in the region between the jetlike structure and the disk, two spiral shocks form. It is possible that the emission lines observed in the spectrum of β Lyr binary originate in this region. 相似文献