Kaolin-Kohlentonsteine im flözführenden Oberkarbon des Niederrheinisch-Westfälischen Steinkohlenreviers

Starting from general considerations of the rocks existing in the Ruhr Carboniferous and the mineral layers in coal seams, an informative review is given about the definition of clay stones and kaolin coal tonsteins as well as about the stratigraphic distribution of key horizons with special regard to the kaolin coal tonsteins. Information follows about the first evidence of individual kaolin coal tonsteins, their existence in the normal geologic columns and more recent stratigraphic sections as well as about the concentration of repositories. Besides, the kaolin coal tonsteins are characterized according to their macroscopic and microscopic external form. The paper reports about their material constituents (mineral components, trace elements, anorganic chemical constituents and organic substances in form of coal hydrates and amino acids). The paper closes with some statements about the importance and utilization of kaolin coal tonsteins to solve local and regional duties in mining geology.     

西阿尔卑斯Zermatt-Saas洋壳深俯冲超高压变质带与我国新疆西南天山超高压变质带的比较

根据对西阿尔卑斯Zernatt-Saas带的野外地质考察及有关资料的总结,详细地介绍了西阿尔卑斯Zermatt-Saas洋壳深俯冲超高压变质带的地质概括、岩石组成和变质作用演化过程,并着重与我国新疆西南天山洋壳深俯冲超高压变质带进行了比较,探讨了这两个洋壳深俯冲超高压变质带在变质作用和地质演化方面的异同。在此基础上,总结了这两个目前世界上已知最典型的洋壳深俯冲超高压变质带的基本地质特征是都具有保存完好的洋壳岩石组合特征和较低的地热梯度。