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181.
Drilled shafts are, typically, designed by considering the axial ultimate limit state. In this design methodology, the axial
displacement requirements are verified once the design is completed. As an alternative, drilled shafts may be designed by
considering the axial service limit state. Service limit state foundation design is more efficient when done using the load
and resistance factor design (LRFD) approach. Furthermore, reliability may be rationally incorporated into the design process
that utilizes the LRFD method. In this paper, we develop probabilistic approaches for axial service limit state analysis of
drilled shafts. The variability of shaft-soil interface properties is modeled by lognormal probability distribution functions.
The probability distributions are combined with a closed-form analytical relationship of axial load-displacement curves for
drilled shafts. The closed-form analytical relationship is derived based upon the “t–z” approach. This analytical relationship
is used with the Monte Carlo simulation method to obtain probabilistic load-displacement curves, which are analyzed to develop
methods for determining the probability of drilled shaft failure at the service limit state. The developed method may be utilized
to obtain resistance factors that can be applied to LRFD based service limit state design. 相似文献
182.
We report on the first analysis of an AstroSat observation of the Z-source GX 5–1 on 2017 February 26-27. The hardness-intensity plot reveals that the source traced out the horizontal and normal branches. The 0.8-20 keV spectra from simultaneous SXT and LAXPC data at different locations of the hardness-intensity plot can be described well by disk emission and a thermal Comptonized component. The ratio of the disk flux to the total flux, i.e., the disk flux ratio, increases monotonically along the horizontal branch to the normal one. Thus, the difference between the normal and horizontal branches is that in the normal branch, the disk dominates the flux while in the horizontal one it is the Comptonized component which dominates. The disk flux scales with the inner disk temperature as T_(in)~(5.5 ) and not as T_(in)~4 , suggesting that either the inner radius changes dramatically or that the disk is irradiated by the thermal component changing its hardness factor. The power spectra reveal a quasi-periodic oscillation(QPO) whose frequency changes from ~30 Hz to 50 Hz. The frequency is found to correlate well with the disk flux ratio. In the 3-20 keV LAXPC band, the r.m.s. of the QPO increases with energy(r.m.s. ∝ E~(0.8)), while the harder X-rays seem to lag the soft ones with a time-delay of milliseconds. The results suggest that the spectral properties of the source are characterized by the disk flux ratio and that the QPO has its origin in the corona producing the thermal Comptonized component. 相似文献
183.
K. Ramesh Kumar Dheeraj Pande Arpan Misra L. K. Nanda 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,77(1):89-94
The Didwana playa, the second largest playa in the eastern part of the Thar desert, is 5.6 km long and 2.4 km wide and supports
commercial salt production. The thickness of lake sediment package is reported to be 20 m and comprises fine grained clays
and silts, with abundant calcite, gypsum, and halite, associated with hypersaline water. Isolated hills of graphitic phyllite
and quartzite are seen on the western side of the lake. During the course of investigations for uranium in surficial environment
of semi-arid terrain of Rajasthan, ground water sampling defined a NE-SW trending uranium halo encompassing the Didwana playa.
Subsequent sampling of unlined dug wells, up to water table in central part of the playa, indicated uranium values up to 190
ppm and 2072 ppb in lake sediments and brine respectively. These values are of the order of 21 ppm and 192 ppb towards the
southwestern periphery of the lake. The average uranium content, as inferred from 12 samples in the central part of the lake,
is around 60 ppm over a thickness of 5 m. It appears that the uranium is loosely bonded to the sediments in amorphous form
and is, hence, easily leachable. Samples of brine (n=10), from both the central and southwestern portions of the lake, analysed
high (1,67,500–3,00,000 mg/l) TDS, HCO3− (1128–8395 mg/l), and SO4 (30,536–88,000 mg/l). These are of alkaline (pH: 7.2–9.3) and reducing (Eh: −200 to −340 mV) nature. Under these Eh-pH conditions
below the groundwater table, and for such uranium bearing groundwater, precipitation of primary uranium is expected. It is,
therefore, modelled that uranium in lake sediment package above water table is concentrated by evaporation process and by
chemical reduction below the water table. 相似文献