三峡库区部分县移民迁建工程中的地质问题与建议

巴东、巫山、奉节三县新址建设引发出一系列地质问题,主要有：（１）对一些基本地质问题认识尚不够统一;（２）施工过程中人为引起大量岩体稳定性问题;（３）对未来水库蓄水引起的问题的预测和防护工程的配套建设,还没有引起足够重视和采取相应的措施。为此建议：（１）进一步开展必要的研究工作;（２）加强迁建地质技术管理工作。     

Analysis of Error Caused by Replacing Spherical Shell with an Elastic Plate Model in Studying Bending Deformation of the Lithosphere

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Late Triassic granites from the northwestern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,the Dahongliutan example: petrogenesis and tectonic implications for the evolution of the Kangxiwa Palaeo-Tethys

The Dahongliutan granitic pluton consists of two-mica granites and is located in the eastern part of the Western Kunlun Orogen, northwestern Tibetan Plateau. Zircon separates from the pluton yield a SIMS U–Pb age of 217.5 ± 2.8 Ma. Rocks from the pluton contain relatively high and uniform SiO₂ (72.32–73.48 wt%) and total alkalis (Na₂O + K₂O = 8.07–8.67 wt%) and are peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic in composition. The Dahongliutan granites are relatively depleted in the high-field-strength elements and the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and have relatively high Rb, and low Ba and Sr concentrations. They contain low total rare earth element (REE) concentrations. The light REEs are strongly enriched relative to the HREEs, with (La/Yb)_N values of 28.56–37.01. The ε_Nd(t) values range from ?10.6 to ?8.8, and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7142–0.7210. Zircons from the pluton yield ε_Hf(t) values of ?13.8 to ?1.6, and δ¹⁸O = 10.5–11.6‰. Petrographic and geochemical features of the pluton indicate that the granites are S-type and were derived from parting melting of a mixture of metasedimentary and minor metaigneous sources in the middle–lower crust. Magmatic differentiation was dominated by the fractional crystallization of plagioclase, K-feldspar, muscovite, biotite, and accessory monazite, allanite, and Fe–Ti oxides. Regional granitoids were emplaced in the Early-to-Middle Triassic. Other younger granitoids, with ages of 240–200 Ma, are mostly I-type in character and were likely derived from multiple types of source rock, suggesting the source was heterogeneous Triassic crust. Such a scenario is consistent with their formation in a post-collisional setting. Our new data, combined with other geological evidence, suggest that the collision between the Tianshuihai and southern Kunlun terranes occurred between ca. 250 and 240 Ma, resulting in the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys. Post-collisional tectono-magmatic events may have occurred between 240 and 200 Ma.     

论提高环境水文地质图件制图工艺

近年来，地图制图理论有了较快的发展，如何将信息传输和视觉感受等方面的研究成果运用于环境水文地质图的编制，是制图工作者和专业人员共同关注的一个重要问题。本文以编制城市环境水文地质图为例，就制图过程中的一些原则和方法作一探讨。     

一降水工程的施工和从中引出的思考

基坑降水是岩土工程中经常遇到的施工问题。本文展示了一个降水工程实例，从中引伸出本工程尚未遇到而在其他项目中可能会出现并应及时解决的一些技术问题，引起同行的关注与重视。     

蜀南地区二叠系茅口组古岩溶地区水系分布及岩溶地貌单元特征*

蜀南地区茅口组为一套沉积稳定的巨厚层生物碎屑灰岩,基质致密性脆。中二叠世末的东吴运动使蜀南地区茅口组顶部发育古风化壳岩溶,古岩溶地区水系控制着古岩溶的发育和演化。在研究古地貌恢复方法的基础上,分析研究区地层特征和区域构造背景,采用印模法进行古地貌恢复,进而研究了古岩溶地区的水系发育特征。在此基础上,结合风化壳表面侵蚀溶蚀特征、沉积物性质、地貌组合形态、钻井和地震资料,把研究区划分为岩溶台地、岩溶陡坡、岩溶缓坡及岩溶盆地4种二级地貌单元和溶丘洼地、岩溶槽谷、峰林平原等10种三级地貌单元,进一步分析了各种地貌单元的岩溶特征,为下一步的储集层预测提供了有利的目标。     

塘古坳陷构造—沉积演化及其油气勘探方向

塔里木盆地塘古坳陷历经20余年勘探而成效甚微,在新的地震与钻井资料基础上,通过地层沉积对比、构造解析重新认识塘古坳陷的形成与演化,及其对勘探方向的指示研究,结果表明：1）塘古地区存在基底古隆起,寒武系自塔中向南逐渐减薄;2）本区钻揭中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩地层连续,不存在寒武系—中奥陶统的台槽;3）上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积期在东西两侧发育巨厚的台地边缘相带,而坳陷区相变为盆地泥岩相;4）北东向冲断构造具有分层变形特点,断裂活动始于晚奥陶世早期,冲断推覆作用主要形成于奥陶纪末。结果揭示塘古坳陷经历4期构造关键演化期：1）寒武—中奥陶世与塔中连为一体的碳酸盐岩台地发育期;2）上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积期受控东南板缘俯冲与碰撞作用的台盆形成期;3）奥陶纪末强烈沉降的挤压挠曲盆地定型期;4）志留纪—泥盆纪的构造改造期。该结果为盆地构造古地理研究与深层油气评价提供了基础,并提出了勘探新方向。     

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区走滑断裂带油气分布与油藏模式

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区石油勘探开发进入深度高达8 000 m的坳陷区,油气主要沿走滑断裂带分布,研究超深层断控油气藏分布规律对油气勘探开发具有重要意义。通过大量勘探开发资料分析与油藏解剖表明,哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气沿主断裂带1.8 km范围内条带状分布,高效井主要分布在距主断裂带600 m范围内。油气沿断裂带分布具有分段性,断裂的类型、规模与性质影响油气运聚成藏,油气富集主要受控于主断裂带的规模。高效井一般距主断裂近、储层规模大、侧向封闭好,为断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏。走滑断裂断控油气藏不同于礁滩体与风化壳“相控”油气藏,对复杂碳酸盐岩油气藏评价开发具有重要意义。     

全国地面资料自动收集处理系统的运行结构

全国地面资料实现通信传输后,统一预处理软件,在同一平台上建立国家和省一级地面资料收集处理运行系统,不仅可减少不必要的麻烦,简化操作提高工作效率,还可加强上下之间的联系,提高系统整体性和工作质量。     

CISK理论中的若干问题

在本文中,对Charney与Eliassen等人所提出的CISK理论所包含的低层风速不随高度变化的假定作了分析与改进,并讨论了它对结果的影响.