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221.
This work briefly discusses the main features of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Special attention is paid to the identification and quantification of uncertainties related to seismic source characteristics and seismic engineering models for prediction of strong ground motions. The principal seismic models and the results of PSHA application for detailed seismic zoning of urban territories in Sakhalin Island are presented. 相似文献
222.
V. D. Mats D. Yu. Shcherbakov I. M. Efimova 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2011,19(4):404-423
Independent methods of geological and molecular-biological chronologies have made it possible to define generally corresponding
stages in the geological and biological evolution of the environments and communities of Lake Baikal since the Late Cretaceous,
i.e., during the last 70 myr. All the abiotic elements drastically changed during geological evolution, with destruction of
existing and formation of new natural complexes. Nevertheless, some specific zones retained relicts of former settings. The
resulting present-day natural complex includes elements of different ages and geneses. Similar to different natural zones
of the present-day Earth, which are populated by different biocoenoses, stages in the development of abiotic elements are
also characterized by different faunal and floral assemblages. Some taxa were replaced by others, and the resulting aqueous
biota of Lake Baikal includes different-age and ecologically different elements. The oldest groups of Baikal organisms appeared
approximately 70 Ma ago, although the largest proportion of the lake biota started forming 4–3 Ma ago in response to the most
drastic changes in the abiotic elements of the environment. The youngest taxa appeared 1.8 to 0.15 Ma ago, i.e., during the
period when superdeep lake environments and mountainous glaciations were developing. The chronological coincidence of main
stages in development of abiotic and biotic elements of the nature indicates their relationships. Particular transformations
of abiotic elements and the probable mechanism of their influence on the evolution of living communities are also considered. 相似文献
223.
The Relationship between Global Volcanic Activity and Variations in the Velocity of Earth’s Rotation
Levin B. W. Sasorova E. V. Gurianov V. B. Yarmolyuk V. V. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2019,484(2):146-150
Doklady Earth Sciences - Analysis of observations of the Earth’s rotational velocity and volcanic activity of the planet from 1720 until 2015 suggests that higher volcanic activity temporally... 相似文献
224.
An analysis is made of the oil pollution of the Ob river waters using a long-term (1993–2013) hydrochemical monitoring of oil fields in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Contents of oil hydrocarbons (OHC) were determined in 4277 samples from the main Ob channel, and in 7076 samples from its anabranches by using infrared spectrometry. An increase in MAC (0.05 mg/dm3) was observed in 28% of the samples from the main channel, and in 32% from the anabranches. The total percentage of samples with an extremely high (> 50 MAC) and high (30–50 MAC) pollution level made up 0.3% of the samples for the anabranches, and 0.1% for the main channel. Maximum pollution was revealed in the eastern part of Okrug, from its eastern boundary to the mouth of the Trom’egan river which is associated with a considerable number of accidents on the pipelines within the Nizhnevartovskii district. The upper and lower quantiles in the most polluted anabranches, Pasl and Bagras, are 0.03–01.7 and 0.032–0.16 mg/dm3, respectively, whereas in the main Ob channel they vary from 0.022 to 0.065 mg/dm3 (0.4–1.2 MAC). The methods of geoinformatics and mathematical statistics were used to assess a dependence of OHC on the number of pollution sources (well clusters, and the area of oil spills) in zones at different distances from the river channels. By calculating the Spearman correlation coefficients, it was shown that OHC contents are dependent mainly on the number of wells, and on the area of oil spills located at less than 2 km from the channels. 相似文献
225.
T. A. Shatilina G. Sh. Tsitsiashvili T. V. Radchenkova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2010,35(11):740-743
Peculiarities are investigated of the air temperature variation tendencies at some stations of the Far East in 1976–2005.
The estimate of linear trend equation coefficients is computed according to the air temperature observation data using the
least squares method. It is demonstrated that the air temperature trend in northern regions possesses a small probability
at small values of residual variability. In the southern regions, the trend significance increases for almost all seasons
at small values of residual variability. At midlatitude stations, the trend significance in January and February decreases
considerably due to the large values of residual variability. 相似文献
226.
Vasil’ev D. Yu. Vodopyanov V. V. Zayzeva G. S. Zakirzyanov Sh. I. Semenov V. A. Sivokhip Zh. T. Chibilev A. A. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2019,486(2):724-727
Doklady Earth Sciences - The results of long-term forecasting of the spring runoff in the Belaya River basin based on the water-balance model are presented. The structure and parameters of the... 相似文献
227.
S. Pradhan V. K. Sehgal K. K. Bandyopadhyay R. N. Sahoo P. Panigrahi C. M. Parihar S. L. Jat 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(2):321-326
The best and commonly used ground-based sensor to monitor crop growth, ASD FieldSpecPro Spectroradiometer (Analytical Spectral Devices, Boulder, CO, USA) is a passive sensor, which can be used under adequate light condition. However, now-a-days active sensors such as GreenSeeker? (GS) handheld crop response (Trimble Agriculture division, USA) are used for monitoring crop growth and are flexible in terms of timeliness and illumination conditions besides being cheaper than the ASD. Before its wide use, the suitability and accuracy of GS should be assessed by comparing the NDVI measured by this instrument with that by ASD, under diverse wheat growing conditions of India. Keeping this in view, the present experiment was undertaken with the following objectives: (1) to find out the temporal variation of NDVI measured both by ASD and GS treatments, (2) to find out relationship between the NDVI measured through ASD and GS and, (3) to evaluate the suitability of GS for NDVI measurements. It was observed that the numerical value of NDVI as measured by GS was always significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that measured by ASD for all the experiments under study. The NDVI-ASD and NDVI-GS were significantly positively correlated (P < 0.01) with the correlation coefficients being +0.94, +0.88 and +0.87 for irrigation and nitrogen experiment, irrigation and cultivars experiment, and tillage, residue and nitrogen experiments, respectively. Further, the regression equation developed between the NDVI-ASD and NDVI-GS: [NDVI-GS = 1.070 × (NDVI-ASD ? 0.292] can be successfully used to compute the NDVI of ASD from that computed by GS. 相似文献
228.
P. C. Padhy R. K. Nayak V. K. Dadhwal M. Salim D. Mitra S. B. Chaudhury P. R. Rao K. H. Rao C.B. S. Dutt 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2016,44(1):135-143
An empirical model is developed and used with remotely sensed predictors: sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), to compute surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2w) and air-sea fluxes of CO2 in the Hooghly estuary and its adjacent coastal oceans. In situ observations used here were based on measurements carried out in this region during winter and summer periods in 2008. The estimated pCO2w compares well with the in situ observations at root mean square error ±18 μatm. In winter, estimated pCO2w ranges between 320 and 500 μatm with large values (>400 μatm) on the south-western and south-eastern flanks of the coastal domain and lower values (340–375 μatm) on the main-channel. In summer, it remained spatially uniform at 450 μatm. Extrapolation of the results over the study region based on the Moderate Imaging Specroradiometer (MODIS) measured SST and Chl-a suggests that the region is a strong source of atmospheric CO2 during the summer with net release of 0.095 Tg C year?1 (equivalent to mean flux of 90 molC m?2 year?1) and is a weak source during the winter with net release of 0.006 Tg C yr?1 (0.5 molC m?2 year?1) from the geographical extent of 6000 Km2 area. 相似文献
229.
230.