1949年以来兰州城市资本密度空间变化及其机制

构建了计划经济体制和中国转型期城市资本密度空间分布理论模型,并以兰州市为例进行了实证.利用高精度卫星影象和大规模实地调查方法获取数据,采用GIS手段和数理统计方法,利用建筑高度指标,分区、分行业对兰州城市资本密度空间变化进行了深入研究.同时,采用资本存量增量(或增长率)/建成区面积增量(或增长率)的指标衡量资本角度的城市紧凑化程度,研究了城市紧凑化变动过程.结果表明:①中国计划经济体制下的城市资本空间密度为缓慢波动下降或均衡分布规律,甚至出现上升趋势.转轨期(中国)城市资本空间密度由中心到外围的相应规律则居于两者之间,存在向市场经济空间模型靠近的趋势;②中国城市计划经济体制下的用地空间由中心到外围呈现商务→住宅→工业→农业的模式,而转轨期依然基本保留了此特征;③转轨期的建筑高度提高速度存在加速趋势,住宅、商业、办公等类建筑高度明显高于计划时期,其空间分布模型也更接近市场经济体制模型;④从资本视角审视,中国城市将更加紧凑化,且随时间的推移,城市资本密度空间变化曲线大致存在较为明显的"雁行波动上升式"规律.     

安徽及邻区地震震源深度分布特征研究

选择安徽及邻区观测精度相对较高的地震资料作为样本,统计分析不同空间范围内的震源深度分布特征,初步讨论了震源深度与地质构造,地壳结构的关系。结果表明:安徽及邻区平均震源深度10 km左右。中小地震震源深度在空间分布是不均匀的,大体上从西到东,从南到北逐渐增加,深度优势分布为5～15 km。其中霍山地区震源深度优势分布为5～10 km。总体上,安徽及邻区地震多发生在5～20 km地壳的中上部,为浅源地震。     

Seasonal and annual variation of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> flux above a broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest

Long-term measurement of carbon metabolism of old-growth forests is critical to predict their behaviors and to reduce the uncertainties of carbon accounting under changing climate. Eddy covariance technology was applied to investigate the long-term carbon exchange over a 200 year-old Chinese broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains (128°28′E and 42°24′N, Jilin Province, P. R. China) since August 2002. On the data obtained with open-path eddy covariance system and CO₂ profile measurement system from Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2004, this paper reports (i) annual and seasonal variation of F _NEE, F _GPP and R _E; (ii) regulation of environmental factors on phase and amplitude of ecosystem CO₂ uptake and release Corrections due to storage and friction velocity were applied to the eddy carbon flux.L_AI and soil temperature determined the seasonal and annual dynamics of F_GPP and R_E separately. V_PD and air temperature regulated ecosystem photosynthesis at finer scales in growing seasons. Water condition at the root zone exerted a significant influence on ecosystem maintenance carbon metabolism of this forest in winter.The forest was a net sink of atmospheric CO₂ and sequestered ?449 g C·m^?2 during the study period; ?278 and ?171 gC·m^?2 for 2003 and 2004 respectively. F _GPP and F _RE over 2003 and 2004 were ?1332, ?1294 g C·m^?2. and 1054, 1124 g C·m^?2 respectively. This study shows that old-growth forest can be a strong net carbon sink of atmospheric CO₂.There was significant seasonal and annual variation in carbon metabolism. In winter, there was weak photosynthesis while the ecosystem emitted CO₂. Carbon exchanges were active in spring and fall but contributed little to carbon sequestration on an annual scale. The summer is the most significant season as far as ecosystem carbon balance is concerned. The 90 days of summer contributed 66.9, 68.9% of F _GPP, and 60.4, 62.1% of R _E of the entire year.     

Vertical Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds in Suburban Shanghai

As Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) are one of the precursors of ozone, their distribution and variable concentrations are highly related to local ozone pollution control. In this study, we obtained vertical profiles of VOCs in Shanghai's Jinshan district on 8 September and 9 September in 2016 to investigate their distribution and impact on local atmospheric oxidation in the near surface layer. Vertical samples were collected from heights between 50 m and 400 m by summa canisters using an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV). Concentrations of VOCs(VOCs refers to the 52 species measured in this study) varied minimally below 200 m, and decreased by 21.2% from 100 m to 400 m. The concentrations of VOCs above 200 m decreased significantly in comparison to those below 200 m. The proportions of alkanes and aromatics increased from 55.2% and 30.5% to 57.3% and 33.0%, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of alkenes decreased from 13.2% to 8.4%. Toluene and m/p-xylene were the key species in the formation of SOA and ozone. Principal component analysis(PCA) revealed that the VOCs measured in this study mainly originated from industrial emissions.     

基于WRF-CALMET的精细化方法在大风预报上的应用研究

针对当前风场预报普遍精细程度偏低,动力降尺度改善风场预报应用偏少的问题,利用CALMET模式的动力诊断模块,结合高分辨率的地形资料对WRF模式输出的风场预报数据进行了动力降尺度处理,进而提高风场的精细化预报。其方法充分借助地形动力学效应,使大尺度的近地层风场经过坡度流与阻碍效应等修正后得到更精细的风场且体现出与局地地形相符的特征。试验部分以广东省为研究区域,并选取个例用观测资料与陆地同化系统资料对模拟结果进行对比检验,结果表明动力降尺度之后的风场较之前更为精细且含有更多与地形相关的信息;与观测资料对比的总体相关性较好,误差也更小,与陆地同化系统资料对比变化趋势基本一致,且误差不大,这表明WRF-CALMET方法不仅能有效地提高风场预报数据的时空分辨率而且其结果更趋近于真实,对风场的精确预报具有重要的参考价值。     

浅谈城市发展与防震减灾

通过对加强防震减灾规划,加强地震安全性评价工作,加强地震应急救援能力以及增强公众防震减灾意识等4个方面的分析,揭示了城市发展与防震减灾的关系,强调了建设地震安全社区的重要性。     

庐山“星子变质核杂岩”中伟晶岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

赣北庐山地区出露的“星子变质核杂岩”是中国东南部迄今为止发现的较为典型的科迪勒拉型变质核杂岩之一.该变质核杂岩核部见有大量的, 与拆离断层同时形成并侵入于构造弱带的伟晶岩脉.通过锆石U-Pb法定年, 获得伟晶岩的年龄为(127±2)Ma, 该年龄代表了庐山“星子变质核杂岩”的隆升年龄, 并得到其他地质证据的支持.还讨论了形成变质核杂岩的岩石圈伸展作用与同时期中国东南部大规模岩浆活动的时空关系及其可能的联系.      

The reservoir forming characteristics and exploration direction of the condensate gas reservoir in Hailar Basin

<正>Gas condensate is a special oil and gas resource,and it is a hot spot for geologists and geologists in recent years..When gas condensate oil content is equal to or greater than50g/m~3,gasoline generally greater than 800m~3-1000m~3,called condensate gas reservoir.Condensate gas reservoir phase is more complex,in the original formation condition,natural gas and condensate oil in a single state     

安徽省数字化地电阻率干扰与短临异常研究

通过对安徽省数字化地电阻率观测数据的分析,总结了常见的干扰因素,并尝试整理和研究了台站周边显著地震前数字化地电阻率的短临异常及形态特征,对未来利用数字化地电阻率数据捕捉地震短临异常具有一定的意义。     

临安地震台阵勘址与场地条件分析

介绍浙江临安地震台阵勘址工作,包括各子台位置关系、区域自然地理与气候条件,着重分析区域大地构造、地质发展史以及测试点位的基岩性质等地质条件,结合岩土工程勘察资料,分析认为选定区域适合地震台阵建设,简述台阵供电与通讯初步设计方案,为后期地震台阵建设提出指导意见。