Distribution of dissolved species and suspended particulate copper in an intertidal ecosystem affected by copper mine tailings in Northern Chile

The coastline near Chañaral in Northern Chile is one of the most highly Cu-contaminated zones in the world due to discharges from mining activities for more than 60 years. The speciation of Cu has been studied to determine the importance of organic complexation in highly contaminated areas, and to assess the likely physiological impacts of Cu on marine organisms. Dissolved Cu concentrations of up to 500 nM were measured, completely saturating organic ligands and leading to free Cu²⁺ concentrations in excess of 10^− 8 M. These values are higher than those reported in any other marine environment, and because they occur over an extensive area, provide a unique opportunity to study the effects of Cu on marine ecosystems and to see how Cu behaves when its speciation is predominantly inorganic. We found strong gradients in free Cu²⁺ between Chañaral and adjacent areas with lower Cu, where speciation is dominated by organic complexation. There is also a significant increase in the partitioning of Cu onto suspended particles in the contaminated areas, consistent with previous studies that showed that organic ligands stabilize Cu in the dissolved phase, whilst “excess” Cu is rapidly scavenged. Those high dissolved Cu concentrations persist in spite of solid phase partitioning and advective processes along this open-ocean coastline, suggesting that Cu inputs into the system are still very large. Measurements were made using anodic stripping voltammetry with a thin mercury film coated with Nafion, which previous workers have shown can mitigate ambiguity in the data arising from inadvertent reduction of organic complexes. Our findings suggest that this is a useful methodology for contaminated systems.     

台湾海峡毛颚动物分布的初步研究

本文分析了台湾海峡毛颚动物的种类组成、数量分布特征，并就其与环境因素的关系进行了初步探讨．结果显示与台湾海峡西部、东海等邻近海域相比，本区毛颚动物具种数少，数量小，季节变化幅度较小等特点．它的数量分布状况与闽斯沿岸流、南海西南季风漂流以及黑潮支流在本区运动消长有关。     

东北区生态旅游资源的开发与保护

生态旅游作为一种新兴的旅游型式正显示出强大的发展势头,东北区作为我国生态旅游资源十分丰富的地区,以其分布的广泛性、类型的多样性、资源的独特性在旅游开发中具有一定的地位.该区应该从本身的资源特点出发,以保护为基础进行合理的开发.     

柴达木盆地新构造运动主要特征与成因机制

研究表明，在壳幔结构、地球物理背景、沉积物结构、多层关地幔和构造样式等方面，达木盆地与中国东部新生代裂谷类伸展盆地具有可比性，应该归属 展性盆 。盆地伸展和收缩作用相间进行，伸展起因于地幔底辟；而收缩受两人因素影响；（１）盆地伸展作用受相邻造山带反作用诱导的挤压应力；（２）板块碰撞传递的远程板内应力。在此基础邮新的构造期达木盆地演化的“双层模式”，即地幔上隆－地壳伸展；被动挤压＋板内应力－地壳收缩     

黄海多毛类裂虫科小型种的初步研究

1987～1991年在黄海进行小型多毛类调查时,采到的裂虫科小型种标本,经鉴定有18种,其中9种在我国是首次记录。     

中国陆架海绿石分布特征及其意义

本文根据实际资料,简要概括了中国大陆架海绿石的分布规律和形成环境。海绿石的富集区与氧化环境,粗粒沉积和残留沉积区相一致。该研究为恢复古沉积环境提供了依据。     

The Effect of Human Exclusion on the Population Structure of Key-Hole Limpets Fissurella crassa and F. limbata on the Coast of Central Chile

Abstract. We describe the basic ecology of two key-hole limpets, Fissurella crassa and Fissurella limbata , which are heavily harvested by coastal shellfishermen (mariscadores) at the rocky intertidal of central Chile. The ecological role of human predation on these species was assessed. Anthropic exclusion from a stretch of the rocky intertidal at Las Cruces (non-harvested area) for about two and a half years resulted in changes of the densities and size distributions of these fissurelid species as compared to populations in control zones (harvested area). Differential human predation generates, on key-hole limpets, responses of different intensities related to the accessibility of man to the mesohabitats (sheltered platforms, exposed platforms and vertical walls) and fringes of the intertidal (mid-low intertidal and Lessonia nigrescens fringe). Thus, size distributions and mean densities of both fissurelids differ widely between the harvested and non-harvested areas on both platform habitats but not on vertical walls. In the mid-low intertidal fringe, differences are greater than in the less accessible L. nigrescens intertidal fringe. Moreover, we discuss the way in which other species, directly harvested by mariscadores (i. e., the mollusc Concholepas concholepas) can affect the keyhole limpet populations of central Chile rocky shores. Finally, we highlight the ecological role of these limpets on the dynamics of intertidal ecosystems and how they can modify community landscape.     

以风浪成长阶段因子为参量的波高分布

在风的直接作用下产生的风浪,由于复杂的生成和发展条件,使其具有外观上的不规则性和随机性,内在的非线性性.早在五十年代初期,人们就针对风浪的随机性,运用统计方法,对风浪的统计性质进行了分析研究.就其外观而言,这种统计性质,主要由波面纵座标、波要素等的概率分布来描述,在把风浪作为一线性流体动力学模式来描述时,获得波面纵座标遵循正态分布律.     

Coastal geomorphic evolution at the Denglou Cape, the Leizhou Peninsula

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