青海祁漫塔格地区1∶5万水系沉积物测量方法技术及应用成果

青海省祁漫塔格地区位于柴达木盆地西南缘,是青海东昆仑成矿带西部的重要组成部分。近10年来祁漫塔格地区完成20385km2的1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作,实现了祁漫塔格地区1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作的全面覆盖,提供了大批可供进一步开展工作的化探综合异常和找矿靶区,为祁漫塔格地区矿产资源评价工作提供了翔实的地球化学资料。经异常查证,区内已发现了夏日哈木、铜金山、拉陵高里河沟脑等多金属矿床及一批找矿信息,已证实具有小型-超大型规模,使祁漫塔格地区成为重要的矿产勘查地区。近年来祁漫塔格地区1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作进展及找矿成果表明,1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作对于重要成矿带上矿床的发现具有重要作用,有力推动了祁漫塔格地区矿产资源调查评价工作的开展。     

基于径向功率谱的风廓线雷达错误风数据处理

选取上海市世博园区站、金山站和嘉定F1赛车场站3个风廓线雷达站2012年3月7日凌晨一次降水过程生成的错误水平风场数据,通过对比该时段高、低模式扫描实时径向功率谱数据,指出在降水初期风廓线雷达软件质量控制出现错误的原因,并重新识别错误时段的功率谱,反演水平风场数据。分析表明:在降水初期由于风廓线雷达各波束探测的数据在空间上不一致,易导致雷达软件采用的质量控制算法并不能全部识别和消除降水对数据的干扰,从而出现偏差。基于风廓线雷达高时空分辨率径向功率谱数据的分析处理方法可有效验证雷达软件质量控制算法,且经过该方法反演后的水平风场更为合理。     

Analysis of the rainfall pattern triggering the Lemešná debris flow,Javorníky Range,the Czech Republic

Natural Hazards - Two significant rainfall episodes affected the eastern part of the Czech Republic in May 2010 causing dozens of landslides, including a potentially damaging debris flow on...     

强震作用下崩塌滚石冲击耗能损伤演化分析

强震触发崩塌滚石冲击耗能损伤是防护工程设计的重要指标。为探索冲击过程中滚石耗能损伤演化过程,采用热力学定律分析了冲击过程中能量的传递与耗散,通过定义冲击耗能损伤因子D、Dmax,建立了滚石冲击耗能损伤理论模型与适用模型。结合工程实例,反算极限冲击力对模型进行论证与分析,提出模型的推广应用。结果表明：滚石冲击耗能损伤过程满足热力学第一定律,能量主要贡献于防护工程弹塑性势能的积聚,Dmax受滚石质量、弹性模量、抛射初速度、最大冲击力、有效作用面积等的影响;最大冲击力持续增加,极限冲击耗能损伤因子增大,达到线性函数与抛物线函数图像交点C（1031 kN,0.9965）时曲线出现拐点。模型推广得到广义范围下的冲击耗能损伤演化函数曲线,冲击耗能损伤全过程在损伤响应、损伤线性、损伤渐进三个阶段的临界位置出现2次损伤拐点;随滚石质量增加,最大冲击力增大,极限冲击耗能损伤因子曲线先呈抛物线减小,再呈线性增加,最后呈抛物线逐渐增加直到无限趋近于1。从能量角度定量分析其损伤本质,对探究滚石运动过程能量耗散机制及防护工程的设计具有重要意义。     

云南个旧卡房矿田锡-铜矿床成矿作用过程探讨:成矿流体约束

云南个旧是世界上最大的锡多金属矿区,卡房矿田是其中一个主要的铜矿区。卡房铜矿主要的矿床类型有:变玄武岩型层状铜矿和接触带型铜矿,本文主要对前者进行了流体包裹体测试及同位素地球化学分析,并对比研究了接触带型铜矿的同位素地球化学特征。流体包裹体研究显示,卡房矿田变玄武岩型层状铜矿的成矿流体,属于岩浆流体体系演化的一部分,成矿作用分为三个阶段:石英-磁黄铁矿-黄铜矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-方解石-黄铜矿-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱa)和石英-方解石阶段(Ⅱb)。从Ⅰ-Ⅱa-Ⅱb成矿流体的温度(平均从363.9℃至283.2℃至185.0℃)显著降低,流体盐度(平均从20.18% NaCleqv至12.59% NaCleqv至11.97% NaCleqv)缓慢降低,流体密度(平均从0.854g/cm³至0.863g/cm³至1.001g/cm³)基本不变。显微激光拉曼光谱分析显示流体包裹体的挥发份主要为H₂O及少量CH₄,液相中主要成分为H₂O及少量CO^2-₃。氢、氧同位素研究(δD_H2O值介于-98‰~-79‰;δ¹⁸O_H2O值介于-0.82‰~7.09‰)显示,成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,在成矿流体上升过程中与地层中的大气降水相混合。硫同位素分析结果表明,卡房矿田变玄武岩型铜矿中硫化物的硫(δ³⁴S值介于-0.86‰~3.8‰)来源于三叠纪变玄武岩,而花岗岩浆和变玄武岩共同为卡房接触带型铜矿(δ³⁴S值介于-3.2‰~6.2‰)提供了成矿所需的大部分硫。     

Assessing the influence of a rapid water drawdown on the seismic response characteristics of a reservoir rock slope using time–frequency analysis

Acta Geotechnica - To investigate the influence of a rapid water drawdown (RWD) on the seismic response characteristics of reservoir rock slopes, numerical dynamic analyses and shaking table tests...     

Mantle derived crystal-poor rhyolitic ignimbrites: Eruptive mechanism from geochemical and geochronological data of the Piedra Parada caldera,Southern Argentina

Trace elements, isotopic modeling and U-Th-Pb SHRIMP zircon age constraints are used to reconstruct the eruption history and magmatic processes of the Piedra Parada Caldera. In the early Eocene, the crystal-poor Barda Colorada ignimbrite(BCI), having 15% micro-porphyritic crystals with respect to magmatic components, erupted a volume estimated in more than 300 km~3. The Piedra Parada caldera is located in the Patagonian Andes foreland, at the southern end of the calderas field of the Pilcaniyeu Volcanic Belt(PVB). This belt is related to an extensional tectonic setting as a result of the collision of the Farallon-Aluk ridge with South America, which enabled the development of a transform ocean/continental plate margin followed by the detachment of the Aluk plate and the opening of a slab window. The BCI extra-caldera Plateau is a 100 m thick deposit, having a lower unit with high silica(Si O_2 76 wt.%),potassium poor rhyolitic composition(trondhjemitic like magma), and an upper unit with normal to high potassium rhyolitic composition(granitic like magma). A trace elements modeling of the BCI units shows that the BCI lower and upper units did not evolve from fractionation or immiscibility in the shallow magma reservoir. The BCI also have a primitive isotopic signature(initial87 Sr/86 Sr =0.7031-0.7049 and ε_(Nd)= +3.4 to +3.65). Thus, tectonic, compositional and isotopic constraints suggest the fast ascent of high silica magmas to a shallow reservoir, and point to an upper mantle origin for these rhyolitic magmas in a transitional(Orogenic-Anorogenic) tectono-magmatic setting. U-Th-Pb SHRIMP zircon crystallization ages of the Syn-caldera stage BCI units(56 -51.5 Ma) show a protracted life of 5 Ma for this caldera reservoir. The age of 52.9 ± 0.3 Ma is considered the best fit for the possible maximum age for the caldera collapse. The Late-caldera magmatism has trachyandesitic and rhyolitic compositions.The trace element modeling suggests that these rhyolites evolve from the trachyandesites and do not evolve from the BCI residual magma. The trachyandesites have U-Th-Pb SHRIMP zircon crystallization ages of 52 ± 1 Ma, suggesting that the caldera eruption was triggered by the arrival of the trachyandesitic magma.     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages from coal beds across the Permian-Triassic boundary,eastern Yunnan,southwestern China

The first SHRIMP zircon U e Pb ages from coal beds close to the end-Permian mass extinction are reported from the C_1 coal seam in the Yantang Mine in Laibin Town, Xuanwei County, eastern Yunnan Province.Zircons were extracted from kaolinite claystone layers, defined as tonsteins(volcanic ash deposits), in the subseam B_1 and B_3 of the coal seam C_1.The U-Pb ages are 252.0 ± 2.3 Ma and 250.3 ± 2.1 Ma for the sub-seam B_1 and B_3, respectively. Within analytical uncertainties, these U-Pb ages include the time period of the onset of the mass extinction at 251.941 ± 0.037 Ma, which was obtained from the marine Meishan section in Zhejiang Province, ~1600 km away from the Yantang Mine. These new ages represent not only the first and closest ages to the PTB mass extinction in terrestrial coal beds, but also ages from the nearest site to the Emeishan volcanoes investigated so far. Therefore these new data provide the most accurate stratigraphic horizon of terrestrial facies of the end-Permian extinction in South China. The Emeishan volcanoes were likely the source of volcanic ash in the coal seams at the Xuanwei County and broader areas in South China. Furthermore, the minerals and geochemistry characteristics of the C_1 coal seam also implied the influences of contemporaneous volcanic activities.     

An alternative model for positive shifts in shallow-marine carbonate δ13C and δ18O

Abstract Positive shifts in global seawater δ¹³C_DIC are related to changes in the ratio of organic relative to inorganic carbon burial in oceanic basins, whereas factors such as climatic cooling and the accumulation of polar ice are known to cause positive shifts in δ¹⁸O. Here, an alternative model is proposed for the formation of local positive isotope shifts in shallow-marine settings. The model involves geochemically altered platform-top water masses and the effects of early meteoric diagenesis on carbonate isotopic composition. Both mechanisms are active on modern (sub)tropical carbonate platforms and result in low carbonate δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O relative to typical oceanic values. During high-amplitude transgressive events, the impact of isotopically light meteoric fluids on the carbonate geochemistry is much reduced, and ¹³C-depleted platform-top water mixes with open oceanic water masses having higher isotope values. Both factors are recorded as a transient increase in carbonate ¹³C and ¹⁸O relative to low background values. These processes must be taken into consideration when interpreting the geochemical record of ancient epeiric seas.