Artisanal fishers' perceptions regarding coastal co-management policies in Chile and their potentials to scale-up marine biodiversity conservation

No-take Marine Protected Areas (Nt-MPAs) constitute an indispensable tool for biodiversity conservation. Nevertheless, there are other instruments such as marine coastal co-management policy frameworks which may be also considered as tools for conservation or as ancillary conservation instruments. Using focus groups, semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires we analysed small-scale artisanal fishers' perceptions towards a coastal co-management regime in Chile and the potential to generate capacities and a social setting to scale-up marine conservation. Empirical evidence from the study shows artisanal fishers have indeed been empowered through the coastal co-management experience; however, there exist heterogeneity in their willingness to participate in the creation of Nt-MPAs, mainly determined by occupational mobility. Chilean artisanal fishers strongly support a bottom-up process in the conservation of marine biodiversity, though the need for top-down steering and guidance is also stressed, especially regarding enforcement.     

降水对热带西南太平洋海温异常响应的数值试验

本文应用IAP9-AGCMⅡ九层大气环流数值模式，通过数值试验，研究了降水对热带西南太平洋SSTA(海温异常)的响应。结果表明：海温正异常下，夏季北半球热带中太平洋降水明显偏多；我国东部地区降水正常或偏多。海温负异常下，夏季赤道中太平洋降水偏少，我国大部地区降水正常或略偏少。当该区域SST异常时，从总体看降水对该异常响应最敏感的地区为北半球热带中太平洋、我国华中和西南、孟加拉湾和中南半岛。     

Processes affecting the hydraulic stability of coastal revetments made of geotextile sand containers

Softer and flexible protection alternatives, such as structures made of geotextile sand containers (GSC) are often used instead of hard coastal structures made of concrete or rubble material.     

潮坪层序的粒度特征与沉积相划分--以杭州湾庵东浅滩为例

现代潮滩依据多年平均潮位线划分高、中、低潮滩，这对于古代潮坪沉积相研究无实际意义。本文尝试用潮坪层序粒度参数剖面来划分沉积相。潮坪沉积物以粉砂为主，但敏感地反映沉积动力变化的却是粗、细尾部分。因此，在沉积相划分时主要依据粘土、砂含量及平均粒径的变化特征。分选系数是一重要依据，但要考虑絮凝沉积的影响。偏态和峰态变幅小、较复杂，在相划分中只具参考价值。利用粒度参数剖面进行潮坪沉积相划分可广泛应用于古代潮坪层序研究，而且根据中潮坪沉积厚度(x)与平均潮差(y)存在的显著性相关关系：y=1．8314x 157．31(单位cm)，推算古潮差。     

An alternative model for positive shifts in shallow-marine carbonate δ13C and δ18O

Abstract Positive shifts in global seawater δ¹³C_DIC are related to changes in the ratio of organic relative to inorganic carbon burial in oceanic basins, whereas factors such as climatic cooling and the accumulation of polar ice are known to cause positive shifts in δ¹⁸O. Here, an alternative model is proposed for the formation of local positive isotope shifts in shallow-marine settings. The model involves geochemically altered platform-top water masses and the effects of early meteoric diagenesis on carbonate isotopic composition. Both mechanisms are active on modern (sub)tropical carbonate platforms and result in low carbonate δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O relative to typical oceanic values. During high-amplitude transgressive events, the impact of isotopically light meteoric fluids on the carbonate geochemistry is much reduced, and ¹³C-depleted platform-top water mixes with open oceanic water masses having higher isotope values. Both factors are recorded as a transient increase in carbonate ¹³C and ¹⁸O relative to low background values. These processes must be taken into consideration when interpreting the geochemical record of ancient epeiric seas.     

非节肢类海洋无脊椎动物中蜕皮甾体及其功能研究

非节肢类海洋无脊椎动物的许多物种中都发现有蜕皮甾体的存在,且存在形式多样,但目前对其确切来源、生物体内的合成或加工途径仍缺乏足够的了解,在生长发育、生殖活动及其他生理功能中如何发挥作用也需要进一步研究。分子生物学和全基因组测序的发展为蜕皮甾体合成途径重要酶类及蜕皮激素信号传导所需受体研究提供了更多的信息,以帮助科学家逐步阐明相关机制。     

军曹鱼营养成分的分析及评价

对军曹鱼Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus进行解剖比较、营养分析和评价，结果显示，军曹鱼的含肉率为68．7％，肌肉蛋白质含量为21．2％，氨基酸总量为65．05％；蛋氨酸为第一限制氨基酸，其中赖氨酸含量高达591mg.gN^-1，军曹鱼的不饱和脂肪酸含量为65．2％，其中二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid，简称EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexenoic acid简称DHA）的含量分别为4．5％和12．0％。研究结果表明，军曹鱼含肉率高，营养质量好，有较高的营养价值和药用价值。     

中国互联网用户增长的省际差异及其收敛性分析

进入21世纪以来,中国的互联网事业得到了飞速发展;但同时互联网发展的区域差异仍表现得十分明显。采用σ-收敛、β-收敛和俱乐部收敛3种分析方法,对1997~2008年期间中国(港澳台地区除外)互联网用户增长的收敛性进行了探析,并对影响互联网普及率的关键因素进行了条件β-收敛的检验。结果发现,中国互联网用户增长的省际差异变动存在着较为明显的σ-收敛和β-收敛。控制人均GDP、城镇化水平、基础设施水平、受教育程度、对外开放度、地理位置等变量后,地区间存在条件β-收敛。东、中、西三大区域存在着较为显著的俱乐部收敛趋势,收敛速度则表现为东部慢于中部,中部慢于西部。     

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF URBAN GROWTH ON THE TEMPERATURE FIELD IN GUANGZHOU

Based on the 1973 – 2003 temperature data of Guangzhou meteorological station and 1980 – 2000 temperature data of Foshan airport, the variations of urbanization effect on temperature of Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Guangzhou city were analyzed. It was found that the temperature has increased significantly due to the PRD’s urbanization. During the last 20 years, Foshan airport’s temperature has increased by 0.7°C, and the Guangzhou city’s temperature increased by about 1.1°C during last 30 years. The heat island of Guangzhou city is obvious but has some differences from other big Chinese cities.     

CRUST 2.0模型在均衡位模型构建中的应用研究

基于均衡理论构制地球重力场模型中一个关键问题是扰动质量的确定,不同的地壳密度分布将得到不同的扰动质量。本文立足于面凝聚模型和Airy模型两种均衡补偿机制,研究了CRUST 2.0全球地壳模型在构制高分辨率地球重力场模型中的应用,推导了顾及地球物理信息的两种均衡重力场模型构建公式,分别讨论了CRUST 2.0模型和补偿深度在两种补偿机制中构建重力场模型的贡献。数值分析表明,地壳模型中Moho面深度的算术平均值22.97 km不是最佳补偿深度,而40 km相对最优,补偿深度的对模型超高阶部分影响较小;CRUST 2.0模型能够在361-1080频段内较好地改善原模型;相同补偿深度的面凝聚模型和Airy模型在不同频段的优劣性不一致。