Multi-thermal observations of newly formed loops in a dynamic flare

The dynamic flare of 6 November, 1980 (max 15:26 UT) developed a rich system of growing loops which could be followed in H for 1.5 hr. Throughout the flare, these loops, near the limb, were seen in emission against the disk. Theoretical computations of deviations from LTE populations for a hydrogen atom reveal that this requires electron densities in the loops close to, or in excess of 10¹² cm ^-3. From measured widths of higher Balmer lines the density at the tops of the loops was found to be 4 x 10¹² cm ^-3 if no non-thermal motions were present, or 5 × 10¹¹ cm ^-3 for a turbulent velocity of ~ 12 km s ^-1.It is now general knowledge that flare loops are initially observed in X-rays and become visible in H only after cooling. For such a high density, a loop would cool through radiation from 10⁷ to 10⁴ K within a few minutes so that the dense H loops should have heights very close to the heights of the X-ray loops. This, however, contradicts the observations obtained by the HXIS and FCS instruments on board SMM which show the X-ray loops at much higher altitudes than the loops in H. Therefore, we suggest that the density must have been significantly lower when the loops were formed and that the flare loops were apparently both shrinking and increasing in density while cooling.NAS/NRC Research Associate, on leave from CNIE, Argentina.Operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. Partial support for the National Solar Observatory is provided by the USAF under a Memorandum of Understanding with the NSF.     

非节肢类海洋无脊椎动物中蜕皮甾体及其功能研究

非节肢类海洋无脊椎动物的许多物种中都发现有蜕皮甾体的存在,且存在形式多样,但目前对其确切来源、生物体内的合成或加工途径仍缺乏足够的了解,在生长发育、生殖活动及其他生理功能中如何发挥作用也需要进一步研究。分子生物学和全基因组测序的发展为蜕皮甾体合成途径重要酶类及蜕皮激素信号传导所需受体研究提供了更多的信息,以帮助科学家逐步阐明相关机制。     

川南五峰组-龙马溪组页岩流体活动及压力演化过程

流体活动及压力演化对于页岩气的富集或改造具有重要指示意义.以川南五峰组?龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,基于岩心和显微岩相学观察、流体包裹体分析测试、盆地数值模拟等方法,研究流体活动及压力演化过程.结果表明:川南五峰组?龙马溪组页岩脉体充填的矿物主要为方解石及部分石英,脉体矿物中捕获了丰富的有机包裹体,见到发黄色、蓝色荧光的气...     

新疆北部萨吾尔山花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及地质意义

在1:5万区域地质调查工作中,对新疆北部萨吾尔山主脊花岗闪长岩采用激光ICP-MS技术进行锆石U-Pb年龄的测定,结果表明,岩浆侵住结晶年龄为(320±2)Ma,时代相当于晚石炭世;其中有(342±3)Ma、(354±2)Ma的捕获锆石.岩体岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学特征表明萨吾尔山花岗岩具岩浆混合作用特征,其形成可能与古亚洲洋闭合造山后的岩石圈伸展体制有关,即形成于后碰撞阶段的挤压-伸展转变期.     

A regional water balance indicator inferred from satellite images of an Andean endorheic basin in central-western Argentina

In the Central Andes of Argentina (30–37°S), snowmelt is the main source of freshwater, an essential natural resource for ~2.2 million people in the adjacent arid lowlands. In this region, Laguna Llancanelo collects the water inputs from the Malargüe endorheic basin. Previous studies concerning the annual and intra-annual variations of this lagoon and its relationship with regional climate are rare. We obtained a monthly record for the Laguna Llancanelo area (LLA, 1984–2013) using the modified normalized difference water index derived from Landsat images. Monthly LLA ranges between 35 km² and 411 km² and is significantly related to variations of the Río Malargüe, the main snow-fed tributary to the lagoon. There is no long-term relationship between LLA and local rainfall, but rapid increases in LLA result from heavy rainfall around the lagoon. Conversely, rapid reductions in LLA encompass periods with both reduced discharge from the Río Malargüe and low local rainfall. The LLA integrates moisture of both Pacific (snowfall in the upper Andes) and Atlantic (lowland rainfall) origins; therefore, we propose using LLA as an indicator of regional water balance.     

Effectiveness of the structural fisheries policy in the European Union

This paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the community structural policy in the fisheries sector by comparing the relative level of compliance with objectives (reduction of fleets and economic viability) with the mechanisms that have been implemented (structural funds and allocation of quotas). On the one hand, this analysis shows that there is a positive correlation between the level of structural funds and the attainment of goals. On the other hand, it was found that the greater the relative availability of quotas, the poorer the countries performed in complying with the objective of reducing the fishing capacity, and the higher the expectations of achieving acceptable yields. These correlations, however, were not very strong.     

The influence of some ship parameters on manoeuvrability studied at the design stage

Collision and grounding are the most common accidents in ship operation. Some accidents are due to human failure, but several research projects have shown that a high percentage of these accidents could have been avoided if the ship have had better manoeuvrability characteristics. This paper describes how, when the shipyard select some important ship parameters and dimensions at the design stage, these set of parameters influence manoeuvrability characteristics. To obtain these effects, some IMO manoeuvres have been numerically simulated for a sample ship and a non-linear numerical model proposed by the authors to study ship manoeuvrability is described in this work. The day to day practice of a shipyard where fast modelisation and calculations are required, and modifications to the original design are quite common at the preliminary design stage, requires fast but accurate numerical models.     

基于SPEI指数的近58 a甘肃省干旱特征分析

利用甘肃省19个气象站点1960—2018年逐月平均降水量、气温等数据,应用标准化降水蒸散量指数(Standardized Preapitation Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI)、Penman-Monteith模型、小波分析等方法分析了甘肃省近58 a不同时间尺度干旱事件的时空演变特征。结果表明：月尺度干旱频率3月最高,2月最低;季尺度上秋季干旱最严重,春季次之;冬季干旱化趋势最慢,春季最快。近58 a甘肃省SPEI指数呈下降趋势,年尺度SPEI指数存在8 a、12 a、26 a的周期。干旱发生频率在年尺度和月尺度上的分布较为一致,河西走廊东段与甘南州地区频率较低,酒泉北部地区与甘肃省东、中部地区频率较高;季尺度上,春季兰州与武威南部地区频率较高,庆阳地区频率最低;夏季为白银与武威北部地区频率最高,张掖中部地区、白银北部地区以及临夏、庆阳、平凉地区最低;秋季频率最高的地区为兰州东部、定西东北部以及嘉峪关地区,最低的地区在酒泉、张掖、武威北部及平凉中部地区;冬季高值区在平凉,低值区在武威与甘南。干旱发生强度最高的地区为张掖,其次为酒泉、庆阳及白银等地区,...