一次龙卷生成中风暴单体合并和涡旋特征的雷达观测研究

本文利用阜阳市多普勒天气雷达CINRAD/SA资料,分析了2008年7月23日发生在安徽省颍上县的龙卷天气过程。结果表明：本次过程中,风暴单体的连续合并对风暴单体迅速增强为超级单体风暴有重要作用。风暴单体的合并和邻近风暴单体之间的相互作用与龙卷的发生在时间和位置上有较明显的相关,说明风暴单体间的合并和相互作用可能对龙卷存在激发作用,这对龙卷预警具有一定的参考价值。在缺省适配参数条件下,雷达系统CINRAD/SA的中气旋(M)产品和龙卷涡旋特征(TVS)产品对龙卷预警有较好的指示作用。如果风暴被同时识别出M和TVS产品,并观测到风暴单体中存在有界弱回波区,则出现龙卷的几率更高。     

新北油田北部馆陶组上段沉积演化

新北油田北部凹陷众多,成藏条件比较复杂,尤其是馆陶组上段。通过对岩心录井、测井曲线特征等分析,结合前人研究,对新北油田北部馆陶组上段沉积地层进行了重新划分,将前3个砂层组划分为12个小层,研究其地层发育特征。并以单井沉积相分析为基础,对新北油田北部馆陶组上段沉积相进行重新分析,认为该段为三角洲平原亚相,物源来自北东方向,主要发育分流河道、分流间湾、天然堤、决口扇等微相。在馆陶组上段沉积时期,沉积环境整体较稳定,沉积相展布变化不大,仅第二砂层组沉积时期,水体相对较动荡,砂体量、分流河道走向多变。     

黑河流域近两千年人—水—生态演变研究进展

理解流域历史时期的人—水—生态演变过程和规律,对其当前和未来的管理规划极为重要。通过梳理近几十年来有关学者对西北干旱区典型内陆河流域——黑河流域过去2 000年的水环境、人类活动、生态环境演变及其耦合研究等方面的成果,发现单个方面的研究均已较为普遍和成熟,并且积累了大量的素材和数据,但是缺乏以流域为单元,从长时间尺度综合考虑人—水—生态相互作用,定量分析人—水—生态协同演化过程的研究成果。今后的研究,一是应当着重于数据挖掘方法的探索,对已有成果进一步挖掘并进行对比和校正,构建一套长时间序列的可靠的人类活动、水文和生态数据集;二是应当着重于动力学模型的构建,增加生态—水文系统与人类活动的互馈机制描述,刻画人—水—生态的协同演化过程,从而达到通过揭示流域过去2 000年的人—水—生态协同演化过程,为流域当前和未来的管理提供历史镜鉴,为国内外的其他类似流域提供参考。社会水文学的提出无疑将极大地促进流域人—水—生态演变研究的发展。     

博茨瓦纳三级成矿区带划分

博茨瓦纳以盛产金刚石闻名于世,但其基础地质和矿产地质研究的程度并不高。文章依据地质构造单元、主要矿种和主要成矿类型的成矿单元划分原则,将博茨瓦纳划分为太古宙津巴布韦克拉通铜-镍-钴-金多金属成矿带、太古宙卡普瓦尔克拉通铁-锰-金多金属成矿带、古元古代林波波铜-镍成矿带、太古宙刚果克拉通(铜)成矿带、新元古代达马拉铜-锡成矿区、卡拉哈里盆地煤-金刚石-铀成矿区等6个Ⅲ级成矿区带,并对这些成矿区带的主要特征进行了阐述。     

北冰洋叶绿素a及初级生产力遥感反演研究进展

海洋表层叶绿素a浓度和浮游植物初级生产力是海洋生态系统的基础参数,可有效评估海洋生态系统的初级生物量及其变化.阐明北冰洋浮游植物生物量和初级生产力的时空变化,对预测北极环境快速变化背景下的海洋生态系统潜在变化、科学指导北冰洋的生态管理具有重要意义.本文总结了基于卫星数据的海表叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的研究方法,整理归纳...     

The influence of mountainous relief on the vertical gradient of precipitation and pluvial zoning in the central slope of the Gulf of Mexico

Although variation of air temperature with respect to terrain altitude is widely understood, less is known about the altitudinal behaviour of precipitation. The eastern slope of Mexico is the most contrasting physiographic province of the country due to its relief. This area is also one of the most important regions of Mexico and of the intertropical region of America because of its biodiversity. Due to the vital and ecosystemic value of precipitation, this work seeks to analyse the altitudinal distribution of precipitation as a function of the relief. Our main methodology consisted of analysing the climatological normal of 86 weather stations to determine accumulated precipitation during rainy, dry and annual periods. Precipitation was correlated with the altitude of the relief, which allowed the study area to be divided into groups relative to the degree of accumulated rainfall throughout the year, as well as by the gradient of variation according to the elevation of the terrain. The results indicated that during the year, precipitation was favoured by the humidity of the Gulf of Mexico and decreased at a rate of -3.7 mm/m in coastal areas. Subsequently, precipitation increased with the altitude of the relief at a rate of 0.7 mm/m, between ~700 and ~ 1500 masl, which is where the greatest accumulation of rainfall was concentrated. Thereafter, it decreased by -0.9 mm/m until it reached the highest volcanic watershed. Crossing this watershed, the foehn effect caused rainfall rates to be much lower than on the windward slope, where the central plateau of the country begins.     

A possible 5 km wide impact structure with associated 22 km wide exterior collapse terrain in the Alhabia–Tabernas Basin,southeastern Spain

The Tabernas–Alhabia Basin is a structural depression situated in the province of Almería, southeastern Spain. The basin is filled with Neogene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene sediments resting discordantly on a Paleozoic metamorphic basement. During the marine Tortonian sedimentation, a bed of breccia (Gordo megabed) was formed. It consists of rotated sedimentary megablocks commonly capped and/or surrounded by a polymict breccia composed mainly of up to dm-sized clasts of the crystalline (schist) basement. Previous work has suggested the bed to be a seismite corresponding to events induced by earthquakes. Here, we link the formation of the Gordo megabed with an ∼5 km wide, rimmed depression with exposed breccias on the northern flank of the Sierra de Gádor mountain. This semicircular structure, developed in mainly schists and dolostone of the basement, is delimited to the W, S, and E by an up to 350 m high escarpment with overturned stratigraphy. Toward the north, this crater-like structure opens toward the Gordo megabed of the Tabernas Basin. In the southern sector, the overturned strata transform outward for into a blocky allochthonous breccia with decreasing thickness and clast size. In the interior of the structure, there are occurrences of graded breccia and arenite superposed on a blocky, autochthonous breccia. Based on the presence of mineralogical shock metamorphic evidence, potential shatter cones, and a high Ir anomaly (∼500 ppb) as well as the position of the structure near the town of Alhama de Almería, we propose to call it the Alhama de Almería impact structure.     

Terrain data compression using wavelet-tiled pyramids for online 3D terrain visualization

Last years have witnessed the widespread use of online terrain visualization applications. However, the significant improvements achieved in sensing technologies have allowed an increasing size of the terrain databases. These increasing sizes represent a serious drawback when terrain data must be transmitted and rendered at interactive rates. In this paper, we propose a novel wavelet-tiled pyramid for compressing terrain data that replaces the traditional multiresolution pyramid usually used in wavelet compression schemes. The new wavelet-tiled pyramid modifies the wavelet analysis and synthesis processes, allowing an efficient transmission and reconstruction of terrain data in those applications based on multiresolution tiled pyramids. A comparative performance evaluation with the currently existing techniques shows that the proposed scheme obtains a better compression ratio of the terrain data, reducing the storage space and transmission bandwidth required, and achieving a better visual quality of the virtual terrain reconstructed after data decompression.     

Climate controls on rainfall isotopes and their effects on cave drip water and speleothem growth: the case of Molinos cave (Teruel,NE Spain)

The interpretation of stable isotopes in speleothems in terms of past temperature variability or precipitation rates requires a comprehensive understanding of the climatic factors and processes that influence the δ¹⁸O signal in the way through the atmosphere to the cave, where carbonate precipitates acquiring its final isotopic composition. This study presents for the first time in the Iberia Peninsula an integrated analysis of the isotopic composition of rainfall (δ¹⁸O_p) during 2010–2012 years and, through a detailed monitoring survey, the transference of the primary isotopic signal throughout the soil and epikarst into the Molinos cave (Teruel, NE Spain). Both air temperature and amount of precipitation have an important effect on δ¹⁸O_p values, clearly imprinting a seasonal variability modulated by an amount effect when rainfall events are more frequent or intense. Air mass history and atmospheric circulation influences are considered through the study of weather types, synoptic-scale climate patterns and large-scale atmospheric circulation indexes (North Atlantic Oscillation and Western Mediterranean Oscillation) revealing a dominant source effect on δ¹⁸O_p values in this region where tropical North Atlantic and Western Mediterranean are the two moisture source regions. A delay of 2–3 months occurs between the dripwater oxygen isotopic composition (δ¹⁸O_d) respect to δ¹⁸O_p values as a consequence of large residence time in the epikarst. Limited calcite precipitates are found from winter to spring when δ¹⁸O_d values are less negative and dripwater rates are constant. This study suggests that NE Iberian δ¹⁸O_calcite proxy records are best interpreted as reflecting a combination of parameters, not just paleotemperature or paleorainfall and, if extending present-day situation towards the recent past, a biased signal towards winter values should be expected in Molinos speleothem records.