广西极端降水事件气候态及其对ENSO的潜在响应

本研究利用日本人文与自然研究所和日本气象厅气象研究所发布的0.25°×0.25°亚洲区域高解析度观测集成降水数据（APHRODITE),并结合NOAA发布的Niño3.4区海温指数和美国国家环境预报中心NCEP再分析数据,分析了广西地区不同极端降水事件的气候平均态和气候倾向率的时空分布,并通过快速傅里叶变换方法分析了不同极端降水逐月区域平均值的气候变率。在此基础上,对ENSO不同位相的周期交替对广西不同极端降水的逐月区域平均值周期的影响及其滞后性进行交叉相关分析,并得出不同极端指标对不同ENSO位相的潜在响应及其显著性特征。结果表明1951-2007年广西全区除无雨日数呈现增加趋势外,暴雨日数、连续干期和湿期均呈减少趋势。不同极端指标在3~7 a的傅里叶谱周期内均呈现显著的周期性变率,说明其与ENSO的潜在联系。交叉相关分析表明Niño3.4指数与无雨日数（暴雨日数）和连续干（湿）期具有显著的负（正）相关特征,其滞后期约为6~18个月,但不同极端指标与ENSO相关程度具有差异。通过滞后6~18个月的平均Ni?o3.4指数所确定的不同ENSO位相,发现相对于拉尼娜冷位相,广西无雨日数（暴雨日数）和连续干（湿）期在厄尔尼诺暖位相下总体呈现减少（增多),但该响应的统计显著性在全区分布不普遍。这可能与湿静力稳定度、低层温度露点差与中层湿位涡正压项等热力因子的响应不利于极端降水增加有关。     

应用ICP-MS研究黔西南地区构造蚀变体稀土元素地球化学特征

构造蚀变体(SBT)是沉积作用、构造作用和热液蚀变的综合产物。SBT作为黔西南地区金、锑、萤石等矿产的重要就位空间,金锑矿成矿与其密切相关。近年在黔西南地区发现了丰富的金资源量,关键在于SBT体系的提出及与之为核心的成矿模式的建立和应用。本文应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析了黔西南台地相区典型矿床的SBT样品,揭示稀土元素的地球化学特征。结果表明,不同矿区SBT的ΣREE=49.55×10~(-6)~271.72×10~(-6),含量变化较大,LREE/HREE=5.62~13.59,轻重稀土分馏明显,轻稀土富集;SBT对北美页岩和CI球粒陨石标准化配分模式图均表现为轻稀土富集的右倾型、"四分组"效应明显、强烈热液作用,为同一体系的产物;大厂至戈塘一线显示高的正铕异常,推测有两个方向含矿热液在此汇聚。本文系统对比了黔西南地区SBT稀土元素地球化学特征,反映该区成矿流体来源及演化,为本区微细浸染型金矿的成矿预测提供了依据。     

Neoproterozoic complexes of the shelf cover of the Dzabkhan terrane basement in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The formation stages of high-grade metamorphic complexes and the related granitoids of the Dzabkhan terrane basement are considered. The age data (U–Pb method, TIMS) of zircons from the trondhjemite block of the eastern part of the Dzabkhan terrane, which is directly overlain by the dolomite sequence of the Tsagaan Oloom Formation, are given. Trondhjemites yield the U–Pb zircon age of 862 ± 3 Ma. In their structural position, they are assigned to typical postmetamorphic formations that determine the formation and cratonization of rocks of the host block. The geochronological study of trondhjemites gives grounds to distinguish fragments of the continental crust in the Dzabkhan terrane basement, the formation of which occurred at different periods of time: ～860 and ～790 Ma. Geological–geochronological and Sm?Nd isotope–geochemical studies indicate that the Dzabkhan terrane basement is not a single block of the Early Precambrian continental crust, but a composite terrane, comprising Neoproterozoic ensialic and island-arc structural and compositional complexes. Correlation of Sr isotopic characteristics with the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr variation curve in the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian seawater shows that carbonate deposits accumulated at the eastern margin of the Dzabkhan terrane near the end of the Neoproterozoic, 700–550 Ma, and in the central part of the terrane in the Early Cambrian, 540–530 Ma.     

Geochronology and Genesis of the Tiegelongnan Porphyry Cu(Au) Deposit in Tibet: Evidence from U–Pb,Re–Os Dating and Hf,S, and H–O Isotopes

The Tiegelongnan Cu (Au) deposit is the largest copper deposit newly discovered in the Bangong–Nujiang metallogenic belt. The deposit has a clear alteration zoning consisting of, from core to margin, potassic to propylitic, superimposed by phyllic and advanced argillic alteration. The shallow part of the deposit consists of a high sulphidation‐state overprint, mainly comprising disseminated pyrite and Cu–S minerals such as bornite, covellite, digenite, and enargite. At depth porphyry‐type mineralization mainly comprises disseminated chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite, and a minor vein molybdenite. Mineralization is disseminated and associated with veins contained within the porphyry intrusions and their surrounding rocks. The zircon U–Pb ages of the mineralized diorite porphyry and granodiorite porphyry are 123.1 ± 1.7 Ma (2σ) and 121.5 ± 1.5 Ma (2σ), respectively. The molybdenite Re–Os age is 121.2 ± 1.2 Ma, suggesting that mineralization was closely associated with magmatism. Andesite lava (zircon U–Pb age of 111.7 ± 1.6 Ma, 2σ) overlies the ore‐bodies and is the product of post‐mineralization volcanic activity that played a critical role in preserving the ore‐bodies. Values of ?4.6 ‰ to + 0.8 ‰ δ³⁴S for the metal sulfides (mean ? 1.55 ‰) suggest that S mainly has a deep magmatic source. The H and O isotopic composition is (δD = ?87 ‰ to ?64 ‰; δ¹⁸O_H2O = 5.5 ‰ to 9.0 ‰), indicating that the ore‐forming fluids are mostly magmatic‐hydrothermal, possibly mixed with a small amount of meteoric water. The zircon ε_Hf(t) of the diorite porphyry is 3.7 to 8.3, and the granodiorite porphyry is 1.8 to 7.5. Molybdenite has a high Re from 382.2 × 10^?6 to 1600 × 10^?6. Re and Hf isotope composition show that Tiegelongnan has some mantle source, maybe the juvenile lower crust from crust–mantle mixed source. Metallogenesis of the Tiegelongnan giant porphyry system was associated with intermediate to acidic magma in the Early Cretaceous (~120 Ma). The magma provenance of the Tiegelongnan deposit has some mantle‐derived composition, possibly mixed with the crust‐derived materials.     

泥岩标志层在海陆过渡沉积环境地层对比中的应用——以珠江口盆地陆丰凹陷A油田古近系为例

珠江口盆地A油田区古近系海陆过渡沉积环境砂体变化快,由此带来砂体追踪对比的困难。基于测井和地震资料,在恩平组和珠海组共识别出5套具有等时意义的泥岩标志层。在泥岩标志层约束下,建立了目的层段的高分辨率层序地层格架:3个长期旋回、8个中期旋回以及21个短期旋回。在等时地层格架内,短期旋回的砂体平面分布特征研究表明,恩平组为北东向物源的辫状河三角洲沉积,珠海组为北东—南西展布的滨岸沉积;单砂体沉积微相及含油性研究表明,恩平组的辫状河三角洲分流河道和珠海组的滨岸砂坝为含油有利相带,这一认识在后续开发中得到了验证。     

Effectiveness of Fiber Bragg Grating monitoring in the centrifugal model test of soil slope under rainfall conditions

Centrifugal model tests are playing an increasingly important role in investigating slope characteristics under rainfall conditions. However, conventional electronic transducers usually fail during centrifugal model tests because of the impacts of limited test space, high centrifugal force, and presence of water, with the result that limited valid data is obtained. In this study, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technology is employed in the design and development of displacement gauge, an anchor force gauge and an anti-slide pile moment gauge for use on centrifugal model slopes with and without a retaining structure. The two model slopes were installed and monitored at a centrifugal acceleration of 100 g. The test results show that the sensors developed succeed in capturing the deformation and retaining structure mechanical response of the model slopes during and after rainfall. The deformation curve for the slope without retaining structure shows a steep response that turns gradual for the slope with retaining structure. Importantly, for the slope with the retaining structure, results suggest that more attention be paid to increase of anchor force and anti-slide pile moment during rainfall. This study verifies the effectiveness of FBG sensing technology in centrifuge research and presents a new and innovative method for slope model testing under rainfall conditions.     

日本广岛湾非潮汐的水位变化

Nontidal sea level changes generated in Hiroshima Bay of the Seto-Inland Sea in Japan are studied over various time scales, from the sub-tidal （2 d to 1 month） to inter-annual scales （〉2 years）. The total sea level variation produces a standard deviation （STD） of 12.5 cm. The inter-annual component of the sea level variation in Hiroshima Bay oscillates with a STD of 3.4 cm, forming a long-term trend of 4.9 mm/a. The STD of the sea level variation is 9.8 cm for the seasonal component （8 months to 2 years） and 4.7 cm for the intra-seasonal one （1 month to 8 months）. Significant sea level variations with a STD of 4.2 cm also occur in the sub-tidal range. Special attention is paid to the sub-tidal sea level changes. It is found that the upwelling and associated transient sea level changes generated along the north coast of Hiroshima Bay （opened southward） by the strong northerly wind, play a significant role in sub-tidal sea level changes. The transient sea level changes are over 10 cm in most cases when caused by typhoons that pass through the Pacific Ocean offthe Kii Peninsula, located at about 400 km east of Hiroshima Bay. Reasonable sea level changes are evaluated by the balance of pressure forces at the onshore and offshore boundary of the study domain.     

相对海平面变化时段选择效应分析

验潮站观测的海面高度数据是监测海平面变化以及确定平均海面的重要基础观测信息,利用滑动时段法和时段累积法对验潮站不同观测时段相对海平面变化速率的差异进行了分析,讨论了时段选择效应对计算相对海平面变化的影响,并利用美国东海岸验潮站观测数据对分析结果进行了补充实验.实验结果表明,不同观测时段相对海平面变化速率差异最大可达27...     

Discussion on the Seismic Intensity of the Hutubi MS6.2 Earthquake on December 8, 2016

Based on the field investigation of 182 seismic hazard survey sites,combined with analysis of the aftershock sequence, focal mechanism, and seismo-tectonic background, we produced the seismic intensity map of the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake. The seismic intensity of the magistoseismic area is degree Ⅷ,with the orientation of long axis of isoseismic contour lines east-west. The Qingshuihezi fault is considered as the seismogenic fault of Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake     

Field-observation for an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy consisted of twelve gliders and sixty-two expendable probes in the northern South China Sea during summer 2017

An intensive field observation experiment using 12 Chinese gliders equipped with conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensors and 62 expendable CTD probes (XCTDs) was performed to investigate the 3-D structure and time evolution of an anticyclonic eddy in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The observed results showed that the anticyclonic eddy had a horizontal radius of about 80 km at surface and a vertical depth of impact of more than 1000 m. The largest temperature and salinity anomalies compared with the averaged values of the temperature and salinity profiles were 3.5°C and 0.4 psu at 120 m depth, respectively. Combined analysis of altimeter sea level and water mass properties indicated that the anticyclonic eddy was shed from the Kuroshio loop current. The vertical axis of the anticyclonic eddy tilted from surface to the observed maximum depth (1000 m) along its translation direction against the 2000 m isobath. The center of the anticyclonic eddy remained in the region east of Dongsha Island for more than half a month. During this time, the long axis direction of the eddy changed from across the slope to along the slope. Then, the eddy moved southward along the 2000 m isobaths. Both the geostrophic current and temperature distribution revealed that the eddy intensity weakened during the observation period gradually. These observations indicated strong interaction between the anticyclonic eddy and the slope topography of Dongsha Island.