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841.
842.
Rudolph Scherreiks Dan Bosence Marcelle BouDagher-Fadel Guillermo Meléndez Peter O. Baumgartner 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(6):1317-1334
The Late Triassic and Jurassic platform and the oceanic complexes in Evvoia, Greece, share a complementary plate-tectonic
evolution. Shallow marine carbonate deposition responded to changing rates of subsidence and uplift, whilst the adjacent ocean
underwent spreading, and then convergence, collision and finally obduction over the platform complex. Late Triassic ocean
spreading correlated with platform subsidence and the formation of a long-persisting peritidal passive-margin platform. Incipient
drowning occurred from the Sinemurian to the late Middle Jurassic. This subsidence correlated with intra-oceanic subduction
and plate convergence that led to supra-subduction calc-alkaline magmatism and the formation of a primitive volcanic arc.
During the Middle Jurassic, plate collision caused arc uplift above the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) in the oceanic
realm, and related thrust-faulting, on the platform, led to sub-aerial exposures. Patch-reefs developed there during the Late
Oxfordian to Kimmeridgian. Advanced oceanic nappe-loading caused platform drowning below the CCD during the Tithonian, which
is documented by intercalations of reefal turbidites with non-carbonate radiolarites. Radiolarites and bypass-turbidites,
consisting of siliciclastic greywacke, terminate the platform succession beneath the emplaced oceanic nappe during late Tithonian
to Valanginian time. 相似文献
843.
Jorge Marcovecchio Sandra Botté Melisa Fernández Severini Federico Delucchi 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2010,16(2):251-266
Chromium and lead concentrations and distribution have been fully studied within Bahía Blanca estuary inner area, which is
strongly influenced by urban and industrial stress. Not only metals dissolved in estuarine water but also those included in
sediments and suspended particulate matters (SPM) were measured. In all cases, internationally standardized protocols were
applied to metal measurements, including analytical quality check test through analysis of certified reference materials.
Total metal contents from surface sediments and SPM were compared with those from a historical database of the area, as well
as with values representing the natural geochemical baseline within the system. Results showed that heavy metal pollution
is mainly localized in the areas close to both industrial effluents discharge system and urban sewage outfall discharge. Data
from sequential extractions indicate that metals from anthropogenic sources (i.e., Pb) are potentially more mobile than those
inherited from geological parent material (i.e., Cr). The influences of other potential sources of metals (i.e., streams,
runoff) were also considered. SPM was clearly identified as the main carrier of the studied heavy metals within the system,
and its significance to metals input into sediments and/or biota was verified. Finally, the normalization of measured metal
concentrations against background reference elements (i.e., Al or Fe) has allowed to identify that most of the measured Cr
was lithogenic, while a significant percentage of Pb was from anthropogenic origin within Bahía Blanca estuary. 相似文献
844.
Eleonora S. Carol Eduardo Emilio Kruse Jorge L. Pousa 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(4):749-756
Although not well known, the eco-hydrological functions of deep aquifers (those having no contact with surface hydrological
events) play an important role in the hydrological regime because they can affect the type of habitats, the availability of
water and nutrients and the salinity of the medium, among other environmental features. This work aims at characterizing the
deep Tertiary hydrogeological units of the Salado sedimentary basin in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, at a regional
scale, and to determine their environmental importance in the hydrological cycle. The geological characterization of the study
area is based on the drilling profiles from oil exploration wells bored by different oil companies between 1948 and 1994,
and also from the existing literature. The conclusion is that water exchange between quaternary surface aquifers in contact
with atmospheric events and deep tertiary aquifers is one of the main processes that keep the hydrologic balance of the region.
Not only is this crucial for the conservation of the numerous and well-developed ecosystems in the basin wetlands, but also
significant for the agricultural and cattle-raising activities of the region. 相似文献
845.
Photo/TV surveying (approximately 4500 photographs of the oceanic floor) and multibeam echo sounding data were compared to
analyze the structural features of the northeastern slope of Govorov Guyot. A network of linear structures complicating this
slope was visualized. The trajectories of the linear structures were determined and shown in rose diagrams. It was demonstrated
that the photo/TV surveying of the oceanic floor represents an effective tool for studying its topography. The blocks bordered
by linear fractures are characterized by different parameters of ferromanganese ore mineralization of the crust type, which
may be explained by the determining role of the tectonic factor in the relief-forming process. The combination of the topographic
features and the hydrodynamic regime within the blocks provides conditions favorable to different extents for the accumulation
of Mn hydroxides. 相似文献
846.
Marcelo Enrique Conti Mabel Tudino Jorge Stripeikis Gaetano Cecchetti 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,49(1-3):83-94
The lichen Evernia prunastri has been employed for biomonitoring the atmospheric deposition of heavy metals at urban, rural and industrial sites in Central Italy. Lichen samples have been collected in a control site 1500 m a. s. l. (Parco Nazionale dAbruzzo, Central Italy) and subsequently transplanted at urban site (Cassino city center), at rural location 7 km away from Cassino (S. Elia Fiumerapido) and at industrial location (Piedimonte S. Germano) surrounding an automobile factory. Once defined the surface of impact relevant to this work, the lichen samples were transplanted at the four cardinal points of each site. Studies of bioaccumulation of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in lichen samples were performed five times at regular intervals between November 2000–December 2001. Microwave digestion of the samples and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry were employed for the heavy metal determinations. Suitable certified reference materials (CRM) were used for validation of the analytical methodology. Results showed the ability of Evernia prunastri to accumulate the heavy metals under study. As expected, the area chosen as control site showed significantly (Friedman test, cluster analysis) lower impact in comparison to the other sites and the rural site showed smaller impact than the urban and the industrial sites. 相似文献
847.
A. M. Asavin I. V. Kubrakova M. E. Mel’nikov O. A. Tyutyunnik E. I. Chesalova 《Geochemistry International》2010,48(5):423-445
Samples of ferromanganese crusts dredged from Ita-MaiTai guyot (Magellan seamounts, Pacific Ocean) were studied. They are
made up of a complete stratigraphic section of different-age layers, including unique oldest relict layers in some samples.
The study of trace, rare-earth, and noble element (including Pt and Pd) distribution showed that old layers differ from young
ones in terms of Co, TR, S, As, and P. In addition, composition of the crusts significantly varies depending on the spatial
position of sample in the guyot. In some zones, crusts enriched in trace elements were generated both in the Pleistocene and
Paleogene. Significant variations established in trace element composition of different-age layers indicate that trace element
composition of the crusts notably evolved with time, which could be caused by productivity of biocenosis or change in the
formation depth of crusts on the guyot due to vertical tectonic movements. 相似文献
848.
Jorge Kazuo Yamamoto 《Mathematical Geology》2000,32(4):489-509
This paper presents an interpolation variance as an alternative to the measure of the reliability of ordinary kriging estimates. Contrary to the traditional kriging variance, the interpolation variance is data-values dependent, variogram dependent, and a measure of local accuracy. Natural phenomena are not homogeneous; therefore, local variability as expressed through data values must be recognized for a correct assessment of uncertainty. The interpolation variance is simply the weighted average of the squared differences between data values and the retained estimate. Ordinary kriging or simple kriging variances are the expected values of interpolation variances; therefore, these traditional homoscedastic estimation variances cannot properly measure local data dispersion. More precisely, the interpolation variance is an estimate of the local conditional variance, when the ordinary kriging weights are interpreted as conditional probabilities associated to the n neighboring data. This interpretation is valid if, and only if, all ordinary kriging weights are positive or constrained to be such. Extensive tests illustrate that the interpolation variance is a useful alternative to the traditional kriging variance. 相似文献
849.
Jorge Fernndez Vera Markgraf Hctor O. Panarello Miguel Albero Fernando E. Angiolini Susana Valencio Mirta Arriaga 《Geoarchaeology》1991,6(3):251-272
The Barro Negro site (23°S lat., 65°37′W long.) in the Altiplano (Puna) of northwestern Argentina contains a well stratified sequence of remains of Hippidion, the American extinct horse, camelids, and archaeological materials, which is the focus of this study. In addition to establishing a reliable chronology, paleoenvironmental information was obtained based on analyses of pollen and stable isotopes (oxygen and carbon) from bone and marl. The data indicate that Hippidion was present at the site between 12,000 and 10,000 yr B. P., at a time when Altoandean grasslands had expanded to lower elevations. By 10,000 yr B.P., when modern semi-arid sub-puna scrub had replaced the Altoandean grasslands, only camelids (Lama or Vicugna) were present, simultaneous with the first evidence of local human occupation. This suggests that a climatic shift from cool and moist (winter rain regime) to warm and dry (summer rain regime) conditions took place simultaneously with the disappearance of the American horse and the appearance of camelids and man. 相似文献