High-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron Mössbauer study of monoclinic ferrosilite

The phase and spin transitions in single-crystal monoclinic ferrosilite, FeSiO₃, were investigated using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy up to lower-mantle pressures and room temperature in a helium pressure medium. Using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, we measured the equation of state of ferrosilite up to about 43 GPa. We observed a P2₁/c-to-C2/c phase transition between 1.5 and 1.7 GPa and a phase transition from C2/c to a distinct P2₁/c structure between 30 and 34 GPa. With time-domain Mössbauer spectroscopy, we determined the hyperfine parameters of ferrous iron up to 95 GPa. The phase transitions were correlated with discontinuities in Mössbauer spectral features. We observed the onset of high-spin-to-low-spin transitions in the M1 and M2 sites at ～37 GPa and ～74 GPa, respectively. Understanding the electronic structure of iron in a well-characterized single crystal of ferrosilite may help interpret the behavior of iron in complex dense silicate phases.     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组特低渗透砂岩储层裂缝特征及成因

根据地表露头、岩心、薄片和实验等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组裂缝的分布特征及其成因进行了分析。鄂尔多斯盆地延长组为一西倾的平缓单斜构造,其上发育两组正交型式的构造裂缝系统,在盆地中部的靖安—安塞地区主要为东西向和南北向两组正向正交裂缝,而在盆地西南部的陇东地区主要为北西—南东向和北东—南西向两组斜向正交裂缝,它们主要在侏罗纪末期和白垩纪末期—古近纪形成。侏罗纪末期,在北西西—南东东方向水平构造挤压为主的应力作用下,可以形成东西向和北西—南东向共轭剪切裂缝;白垩纪末期—古近纪,在北北东—南南西方向水平挤压应力场作用下,可以形成南北向和北东—南西向共轭剪切裂缝。但由于受沉积和成岩作用造成的岩层强烈非均质性的影响,同一时期的两组共轭剪切裂缝的发育程度在不同沉积体系不一致,其中一组裂缝受到抑制,发育程度较差。因此,在每个构造时期主要发育有一组单剪裂缝,在两期构造作用下,主要表现为两组正交的裂缝系统。     

Spin state of ferric iron in MgSiO3 perovskite and its effect on elastic properties

Recent studies have indicated that a significant amount of iron in MgSiO₃ perovskite (Pv) is Fe³⁺ (Fe³⁺/ΣFe = 10–60%) due to crystal chemistry effects at high pressure (P) and that Fe³⁺ is more likely than Fe²⁺ to undergo a high-spin (HS) to low-spin (LS) transition in Pv in the mantle. We have measured synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy (SMS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of Pv with all iron in Fe³⁺ in the laser-heated diamond-anvil cell to over 100 GPa. Fe³⁺ increases the anisotropy of the Pv unit cell, whereas Fe²⁺ decreases it. In Pv synthesized above 50 GPa, Fe³⁺ enters into both the dodecahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites approximately equally, suggesting charge coupled substitution. Combining SMS and XES, we found that the LS population in the B site gradually increases with pressure up to 50–60 GPa where all Fe³⁺ in the B site becomes LS, while Fe³⁺ in the A site remains HS to at least 136 GPa. Fe³⁺ makes Pv more compressible than Mg-endmember below 50 GPa because of the gradual spin transition in the B site together with lattice compression. The completion of the spin transition at 50–60 GPa increases bulk modulus with no associated change in density. This elasticity change can be a useful seismic probe for investigating compositional heterogeneities associated with Fe³⁺.     

A BAROCLINIC SEMI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL USING THE WAVE-CISK THEORY AND LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION*

A baroclinic semi-geostrophic model describing the atmospheric motion in low latitudes and using the wave-CISK theory is established and the analytic solution is obtained. It is shown that the effect of nondimensional latent heat parameter which is assumed to depend only on height and used to state the wave-CISK mechanism is very important to the low-frequency oscillation.     

山东省平度—莱西地区透辉石矿矿床地质特征

平度—莱西地区透辉石矿成矿带西起平度长乐镇东至莱西市南墅镇,全长约50km,宽约5km,总体分布方向近EW向.矿体控制长度为510～1873.5m,厚度为45.72～67.59m,最大延伸约200m.矿石矿物透辉石含量一般为80％～98％.有害组分Fe2O3含量一般为0.22％～0.31％,MnO+TiO2含量一般为0...     

一种基于小波变换的测井曲线去噪新方法

从小波变换的思想出发,提出一种测井曲线去噪新方法.首先按照Mallat塔式算法对测井曲线进行小波分解,然后应用一个非线性软门限函数在小波域内将噪声抑制与滤除,最后通过小波变换得到重构的测井曲线.结果表明,该方法较传统滤波方法更为有效.     

Petrogenesis of granitoids in the eastern section of the Central Qilian Block: Evidence from geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology

Mineralogy and Petrology - The Caledonian-age Qilian Orogenic Belt at the northern margin of the Greater Tibetan Plateau comprises abundant granitoids that record the histories of the orogenesis....     

The effect of global climate change, population distribution, and climate mitigation on building energy use in the U.S. and China

Climate change will affect the energy system in a number of ways, one of which is through changes in demands for heating and cooling in buildings. Understanding the potential effect of climate change on heating and cooling demands requires taking into account not only the manner in which the building sector might evolve over time, but also important uncertainty about the nature of climate change itself. In this study, we explore the uncertainty in climate change impacts on heating and cooling requirement by constructing estimates of heating and cooling degree days (HDD/CDDs) for both reference (no-policy) and 550 ppmv CO₂ concentration pathways built from three different Global Climate Models (GCMs) output and three scenarios of gridded population distribution. The implications that changing climate and population distribution might have for building energy consumption in the U.S. and China are then explored by using the results of HDD/CDDs as inputs to a detailed, building energy model, nested in the long-term global integrated assessment framework, Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM). The results across the modeled changes in climate and population distributions indicate that unabated climate change would cause building sector’s final energy consumption to decrease modestly (6 % decrease or less depending on climate models) in both the U.S. and China by the end of the century as decreased heating consumption more than offsets increased cooling using primarily electricity. However, global climate change virtually has negligible effect on total CO₂ emissions in the buildings sector in both countries. The results also indicate more substantial implications for the fuel mix with increases in electricity and decreases in other fuels, which may be consistent with climate mitigation goals. The variation in results across all scenarios due to variation of population distribution is smaller than variation due to the use of different climate models.     

鄂尔多斯盆地马岭油田长7致密储层古今构造应力研究

构造应力是油气运移与富集的控制因素之一,古今构造应力状态的研究对油气勘探与开发具有重要意义。利用流体包裹体测温、古地磁裂缝定向、声发射法和微地震监测、岩石压缩试验和水力压裂法分别对鄂尔多斯盆地马岭油田长7致密储层古今构造应力进行研究。结果表明:长7致密储层裂缝发育关键期为燕山运动Ⅳ幕,其水平最大主应力方向为84°,有效应力大小为44 MPa;现今水平最大主应力方向为76°,而现今水平最小主应力有效应力大小为15 MPa。     

Petrogenesis of Luchuba and Wuchaba granitoids in western Qinling: geochronological and geochemical evidence

Mineralogy and Petrology - The West Qinling Orogenic Belt (WQOB) is a major portion of the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu Orogen and holds essential information for understanding the prolonged evolution of the...