Isotope geochemistry of the Tieluping silver-lead deposit, Henan, China: A case study of orogenic silver-dominated deposits and related tectonic setting

The Tieluping silver deposit, which is sited along NE-trending faults within the high-grade metamorphic basement of the Xionger Terrane in the Qinling orogenic belt, is part of an important, recently discovered Mesozoic orogenic-type Ag-Pb belt. Ore formation includes three stages: an early barren quartz-pyrite stage (E), an intermediate polymetallic sulfide ore stage (M), and a late barren carbonate stage (L). Carbon, sulfur and lead isotope systematics indicate that the E-stage fluids are deeply sourced; the L-stage fluids are shallow-sourced meteoric water; whereas the M-stage fluids are a mix of deep-sourced and shallow-sourced fluids. Sulfur and lead isotope data show that the ore-forming fluids must have originated from a source with elevated radiogenic lead and low ³⁴S values, that differs significantly from exposed geologic units in the Xionger Terrane, the lower crust and the mantle. This supports the view that the carbonate-shale-chert sequences of the Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups south of the Machaoying fault might be the favorable sources, although little is known about their isotopic compositions. A tectonic model that combines collisional orogeny, metallogeny and hydrothermal fluid flow is proposed to explain the formation of the Tieluping silver deposit. During the Mesozoic collision between the North China Craton and South China Block (Early-Mid Triassic Indosinian Orogeny), crustal slabs containing the carbonate-shale-chert sequences of the Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups, locally rich in organic matter (carbonaceous shale), were thrust northwards beneath the Xionger Terrane along the Machaoying fault. Metamorphic devolatilisation of this underthrust slab probably provided the ore-forming fluids to develop the Ag-Pb ore belt, which includes the Tieluping silver deposit. Fluids and magmas were emplaced during extensional stages related to the Jurassic-Cretaceous Yanshanian Orogeny.Editorial Handling: B. Lehmann     

网状河流的构型、流量-宽深比关系和能耗率

网状河流作为一类新河型,已经受到研究者的关注,但对其研究还不充分.该研究基于目前已经报道过的资料及新近取得的研究成果,从河流构型、河道过水断面宽深比与流量关系及能耗率等方面对该河型展开论述,期望引起大家对该河型的兴趣.网状河流在许多方面表现出了独有的特色.从平面构型来看,它以相互连通的多河道围绕非常稳定的泛滥盆地为特征,其中泛滥盆地上植被发育、沼泽湖泊可见.从河道纵、横剖面来看,它具有非常小的河道比降和一般小于40的河道宽深比,总体上属于各类河型中最小的.从沉积体系的剖面构型来看,它以多个孤立的河道砂体"漂浮"在细粒泥质沉积物中为特征.在河道过水断面宽深比与流量的半对数图中可见,其宽深比随流量的增大而减小,并且其散点位于各类河流的最下部.由于其河道比降一般很小,多河道体系中的单个河道的流量相对于其决口前的老河道显然较小,从而其能耗率就相对很小.文中所讨论到的长江三口分流网状河道:东松滋河、西松滋河、虎渡河、藕池河、北藕池河和松澧合流,其能耗率分别为3.0 W/m2,5.5 W/m2,2.8 W/m2,6.4 W/m2,3.7 W/m2和2.7 W/m2,显然都小于10 W/m2,这与长江主河道在枝江附近的140 W/m2相比,差两个数量级.所有这些特征都预示着网状河流与以长江中下游为代表的分汊河流之间有着完全不同的特性,与其他河型更是大相径庭.     

RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN THE UNITED STATES*

ABSTRACT. Levels of alcohol consumption are a major public health issue. This study aims to gain a better understanding of how geographical patterns of religious affiliation in the United States relate to geographical patterns of alcohol consumption. We explored state‐level correlations between alcohol consumption and religious adherence. Although we found no statistically significant correlation between overall religious adherence rates and current or binge drinking rates, states with higher adherence rates were significantly more likely to have high proportions of binge drinking among current drinkers. Yet, regionally, we found a strong inverse correlation in the Southeast and a strong positive correlation in the Midwest and Northeast between adherence rates and current and binge drinking rates. These geographical differences were largely explained after stratifying by major religious denominational groupings. States with high Catholic adherence rates tended to have higher drinking rates, whereas states with high Evangelical Protestant adherence rates tended to have lower drinking rates. These findings suggest that the relationship between religion and alcohol may be denomination‐specific and challenge the lay perception that religious adherence per se is associated with less alcohol consumption and less excessive drinking among those who drink.     

利用Nimbus-7行星反射率观测资料估算青藏高原地区的总辐射

本文利用1982年8月—1983年7月期间Nimbus-7行星反射率的月平均资料用“物理模式方法(Raschke and Preuss,1979)”估算了青藏高原及其邻近地区月平均地面总辐射的分布。得到的结果较好地反映了纬度、海拔与云量三个主要因子对总辐射分布的支配作用。根据高原及其邻近地区23个测站的资料,对总辐射的计算值与观测值进行了比较。统计分析表明,相关系数f=0.90,标准误差RMS=27w/m~2,平均绝对误差ABS=21w/m~2(相当于有效平均总辐射的11.7％)。文中还对误差来源和敏感性问题进行了讨论。     

局部三维大地网的平面坐标与高程坐标的精度分析

本文从理论和实际两方面讨论了局部三维网的平面坐标与高程坐标的精度,分析了平面坐标与高程坐标的相关性问题,并用一局部测边三维网,计算和分析了测边三角高程在什么情况下能代替等级水准测量。     

Automatic Change Detection for Road Networks from Images Based on GIS

Up to now, detailed strategies and algorithms of automatic change detection for road networks based on GIS have not been discussed. This paper discusses two different strategies of automatic change detection for images with low resolution and high resolution using old GIS data, and presents a buffer detection and tracing algorithm for detecting road from low-resolution images and a new profile tracing algorithm for detecting road from high-resolution images. For feature-level change detection (FL-CD), a so-called buffer detection algorithm is proposed to detect changes of features. Some ideas and algorithms of using GIS prior information and some context information such as substructures of road in high-resolution images to assist road detection and extraction are described in detail.     

网状河流研究进展述评

网状河流作为一种新的冲积河流类型已经引起地貌学家、水利学家和沉积学家的关注 ,成为河流地貌领域、河流沉积领域以及河流水动力领域的研究热点之一。本文在介绍网状河流基本概念的基础上 ,综合国内外的研究成果 ,从河流的平面形态、边界条件、沉积特征、水动力条件以及在河型演化序列中的位置等方面 ,对网状河流的研究进展作一较全面的述评 ,并指出目前研究的薄弱环节 ,以利于研究者把握网状河流的研究现状 ,并推动对网状河流的进一步探讨。     

中国气候过渡带干旱化发展趋势与东亚夏季风、极涡活动相关研究

利用国家气候中心1961~2000年中国160个测站降水量和NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料,采取线性趋势变化、相关和水汽输送等分析方法,揭示中国大陆40 a的年和季降水变化趋势显著区域的时空分布特征,探讨与东亚夏季风和极涡活动的某些相关。结果表明:(1)经内蒙古中东部、山西省、河南省、陕西省和甘肃省东部至湖北省西部、四川省西北部和重庆市年降水量线性下降趋势较显著(其中相当部分为中国的气候过渡带),并明显向东与华北大部、东北地区中南部、环渤海地区、山东省和江苏省北部线性下降较显著区连成一片,构成占中国国土面积约1/5的气候变化干旱化区域,其中20世纪90年代年平均降水量负距平为50~100 mm的面积约达90万km2,其季节变化主要为夏、秋两季降水锐减,长江中下游、东南部沿海和广东省大部年降水量线性上升趋势显著,其中江西省20世纪90年代年降水量正距平在200 mm以上;(2)20世纪90年代夏季1000~300 hPa水汽输送积分负距平区与中国40 a气候变化干旱化区域总体相吻合;(3)中国西部地区东部与华北、东北地区中南部、环渤海地区降水干旱化区域连成一片,原因是多方面的,文中初步揭示了与影响中国的东亚夏季风在30°N以北地区活动和太平洋区极涡强度指数自20世纪70年代前后减弱相关显著。     

关于贵州松桃高地超大型锰矿床冷水犁式断层(F3)特征再认识

本文结合松桃高地超大型锰矿大精查(勘探)成果对矿区内冷水犁式断层(F3)特征进行深入研究,对其特征有了新的认识.F3犁式断层上陡、下缓,断层在上部的碳酸盐岩脆性层及相对脆性层中较陡,倾角随深度逐渐变缓,进入砂页岩等韧性层后迅速变缓,进入到大塘坡组泥页岩后断层滑脱面趋于平缓,断面倾角与地层倾角基本一致,变为层间滑动.音频...     

阿勒泰南缘克朗盆地康布铁堡组流纹岩年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

阿勒泰南缘克朗盆地康布铁堡组火山岩广泛分布.为查明克朗盆地康布铁堡组形成时代、源区及构造背景,对其中流纹岩进行了年代学、地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析.在流纹岩中分别获得(394±1)Ma、(402.72±0.92)Ma的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄.地球化学特征显示,其为与"Ⅰ"型花岗岩有相似特征的弱过铝质流纹岩...