内孤立波作用下顶部张紧式立管动力特性

基于内孤立波mKdV理论,采用考虑内流的细长杆动力学方程,结合改进的Morison公式,研究两层流体中内孤立波与顶张立管的相互作用问题。针对东沙群岛南部海域附近某实测内孤立波特征参数,计算分析在该内孤立波作用下某顶张立管的内孤立波载荷与运动响应,以及立管横截面弯矩及其应力的变化特性。研究表明,内孤立波不仅会对顶张立管产生突发性的冲击载荷以及大幅度水平变形,而且还会使其横截面弯矩及其应力显著增大。因此在深海立管的设计与应用中,内孤立波的影响是不可忽视的。     

确定天然气水合物饱和度的测井解释新方法

为了丰富和发展天然气水合物的定性识别方法和定量解释技术,研究试验了由测井资料计算孔隙水的氯离子质量浓度并确定水合物饱和度的方法。根据南海某海域水合物储层的测井特征和孔隙水氯离子质量浓度化验结果,证实了氯离子质量浓度与水合物饱和度有密切关系。利用孔隙度测井和电阻率测井资料,计算了孔隙水的氯离子质量浓度,由此确定了天然气水合物的饱和度。为了提高测井解释的可靠性,用回归方法建立了储层的孔隙度解释公式,确定了相应的阿尔奇参数m和a,用滤波和插值的方法得到了目的层的氯离子质量浓度的背景值。初步应用表明,由测井解释氯离子质量浓度计算的水合物饱和度与化验结果的平均值和分布范围都有较好的匹配。     

武汉黏土Duncan本构模型参数研究

通过常规三轴压缩排水试验,确定了武汉正常固结黏土的Duncan Et-?t模型、Et-Bt模型及常值?t模型参数;通过三轴试样的有限元变形分析,验证了模型参数的合理性与有效性,为武汉地区Duncan本构模型的应用提供了参考。针对Duncan Et-?t模型基于?1-?3曲线为双曲线关系假设,而实际试验曲线常常偏离理想的双曲线关系,造成?t参数拟合的困难,提出利用通过应力水平为70 %与95 %对应点的直线拟合?3 /?1与?3之间线性关系从而确定?t模型参数的改进方法,并将该模型参数用于三轴试样的体积变形预测,经与Duncan Et-Bt、Duncan Et和常值?t模型参数预测结果的对比,发现该方法与试验结果有更好的一致性,并具有简单方便的优点。     

Nanoscale Pore Characteristics of the Upper Permian Mudrocks from a Transitional Environment in and around Eastern Sichuan Basin,China

Nanoscale pore characteristics of the Upper Permian Longtan transitional mudrocks and their equivalent strata Wujiaping Formation marine mudrocks in and around the eastern Sichuan Basin was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and low-pressure N2 adsorption experiments. The results indicate that the Upper Permian mudrock is at a mature stage with total organic carbon (TOC) values ranging between 0.47% and 12.3%. The Longtan mudrocks mainly contain vitrinite, and their mineral composition is primarily clay. In contrast, the Wujiaping mudrocks are dominated by sapropelinite and solid bitumen, and their mineral compositions are mainly quartz and a notably high amount of pyrite. The FE-SEM reveals that clay mineral pores and microcracks are the common pore types in the Longtan mudrocks. The specific surface area and pore volume depend on the clay content but are negatively correlated with the TOC. The generation of nanometer pores in the Longtan mudrocks is caused by high clay mineral contents. Meanwhile, the Wujiaping mudrock mainly contains OM pores, and the pore parameters are positively correlated with the TOC. The OM pore development exhibits remarkable differences in the Longtan and Wujiaping mudrocks, which might be related to their sedimentary facies and maceral fractions. Vitrinite and inertinite appear as discrete particles in these mudrocks and cannot generate pores during thermal maturation. Sapropelinite often contains many secondary pores, and solid bitumen with large particles, usually with several pores, is not the major contributor to the pore system of the investigated mudrock.     

汶川8．0级地震前周边地区钻孔体应变的相关变化

2008年5月12日14时28分,汶川8．0级大地震发生时,我国前兆台网在网运行的七十多套钻孔体应变仪中,除个别仪器雷击或探头损坏外,其余运转基本正常,几乎全部记录到了此次地震。其中位于震中方圆1000km范围内的共有12套仪器,均为“十五”新上的TJ系列应变仪,包括了四川、甘肃、陕西3个受灾最严重省份的全部体应变仪,以及宁夏、云南、山西的部分仪器,分析结果如下。     

Determining hypocentral parameters for local earthquakes under ill conditions using genetic algorithm

We demonstrate that GA-MHYPO determines accurate hypocentral parameters for local earthquakes under ill conditions, such as limited number of stations (phase data), large azimuthal gap, and noisy data. The genetic algorithm (GA) in GA-MHYPO searches for the optimal 1-D velocity structure which provides the minimum traveltime differences between observed (true) and calculated P and S arrivals within prescribed ranges. GA-MHYPO is able to determine hypocentral parameters more accurately in many circumstances than conventional methods which rely on an a priori (and possibly incorrect) 1-D velocity model. In our synthetic tests, the accuracy of hypocentral parameters obtained by GA-MHYPO given ill conditions is improved by more than a factor of 20 for error-free data, and by a factor of five for data with errors, compared to that obtained by conventional methods such as HYPOINVERSE. In the case of error-free data, GA-MHYPO yields less than 0.1 km errors in focal depths and hypocenters without strong dependence on azimuthal coverage up to 45°. Errors are less than 1 km for data with errors of a 0.1-s standard deviation. To test the performance using real data, a well-recorded earthquake in the New Madrid seismic zone and earthquakes recorded under ill conditions in the High Himalaya are relocated by GA-MHYPO. The hypocentral parameters determined by GA-MHYPO under both good and ill conditions show similar computational results, which suggest that GA-MHYPO is robust and yields more reliable hypocentral parameters than standard methods under ill conditions for natural earthquakes.     

适于大规模数据的三维Kirchhoff 积分法体偏移实现方案

为适应实际生产中对大规模三维工区数据处理的效果及效率的要求,提出了按三维成像体输出成像结果的3D Kirchhoff积分法偏移实现方案.将地震数据按共偏移距道集形式排放,每个共偏移距数据的偏移类似于一个3D叠后Kirchhoff积分偏移,极大地降低了对计算机内存和局部盘及I/O通讯率的要求.每个地震道的成像(输出等时面)在由炮检点连线定义的旋转坐标系中进行,更好地考虑了偏移孔径计算及反假频处理.同时兼顾了超大规模地震数据PSTM成像处理中内存需求量、I/O通讯问题、并行处理方案及效率优化的细节问题.并行计算用偏移距号和每个共偏移距数据体中的线号作为一级和二级索引进行任务分解,更适应当前计算机集群中计算节点比较多的情况.最后考虑了在基本不影响效率的前提下的断点保护处理方案.理论及实际数据测试结果说明了该方案的可行性,与商业软件的对比验证了该方案的优越性.在此较完善的实现方案基础上,可以容易地把更优越的积分类偏移方法迅速推向实用化.     

舟山海岛民宿旅游资源的开发评价与保护策略

海岛民宿旅游作为一种重要的海洋旅游资源,在海洋生态旅游中受到广泛关注。海岛民宿包含海岛和地方文化特色,具有很重要的开发和保护价值。舟山依托海钓文化、渔文化、沙文化、海岛村社文化和佛文化等优势,开发了不同类型的海岛民宿旅游资源,取得了较好的经济社会效益。但是,也存在同质化建设、经营管理简单粗放和政策扶持力度有限等问题。文章针对问题提出延伸产业链条、丰富旅游产品,融合发展、错位发展,适度有序开发、保护生态环境以及加强管理、提升海岛民宿旅游品质等对策,以期促进舟山海岛民宿旅游业的发展。     

澜沧江和怒江流域的气候变化及其对径流的影响

采用VIP（Vegetation Interface Processes）模型和HIMS（Hydro-Informatic Modeling System）模型,模拟分析了1957-2012年澜沧江和怒江流域（简称两江流域）水资源量的演变。根据CMIP5 RCP2.6,RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景预测,模拟了2030年代和2050年代流域水资源的变化。研究发现,过去50年间,两江流域的气温都呈升高趋势,但海拔较高的上游地区升幅大于下游。年总降水量的变化趋势不明显,但春季降水增加趋势明显。两江流域年总水资源量为650亿～ 850亿m3,水资源总量长期变化趋势不明显,其中澜沧江的波动性（1.884,最大与最小之比）大于怒江。空间上水资源量呈现北低－南高的格局。在未来,两江流域气温仍呈增加趋势,降水呈增加趋势,径流呈增加趋势,空间变异性趋小,但较强的季节性变化对水资源安全仍具有较大的挑战性。     

滇西马厂箐斑岩型铜钼(金)矿床成岩成矿时代研究

滇西马厂箐铜钼(金)矿床是金沙江-哀牢山构造带与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩有关的典型斑岩型矿床之一。富碱斑岩侵入体为多期、多阶段岩浆活动形成的复式岩体,已有的研究资料表明岩浆活动时限在64～29 Ma。文中提供的锆石LA ICP MS U Pb和辉钼矿Re Os同位素年代学研究资料显示,马厂箐含矿岩体锆石U Pb年龄(封闭温度约800 ℃时)为(3793±082) Ma,代表了富碱斑岩的成岩年龄;辉钼矿的Re Os年龄(封闭温度约500 ℃)为(3472±05) Ma,代表成矿时代。该研究结果与前人确定的晚期富碱斑岩岩浆活动的时间(32 Ma)相近,也与前人获得的蚀变黑云母K Ar定年(封闭温度300 ℃)结果(351±08) Ma相近,因此可以认为成矿作用与岩体快速冷却过程中发生成矿流体大量分离和出溶有关。成岩作用与成矿作用的时间跨度大约为2 Ma。因此,金沙江-哀牢山多金属成矿带的斑岩型铜钼矿床是与富碱斑岩成岩作用近同期成矿作用的产物,成矿作用时限集中在40~35 Ma左右。