旅游地社会-生态系统适应性研究进展

适应性思想和方法因符合生物多样性保护要求,对实现旅游地社会-生态系统可持续发展和改善旅游地社区生计具有重要意义,业已成为学术界关注的焦点。在对旅游地社会-生态系统适应性研究文献系统分析基础上,从研究尺度、研究对象、评估方法和分析框架4个方面进行了详细的梳理与评述,研究发现：① 研究尺度宏观微观相结合,以小尺度研究居多,中尺度研究需加强,研究对象需要多维度融合;② 研究结合多角度框架分析,主要包括“脆弱性-适应性”“恢复力-可持续性”和“恢复力-适应性”3种类型,促进多元化评估方法在旅游地社会-生态系统适应性研究中的应用;③ 研究思路和研究内容需综合多学科领域进一步拓展。     

The morphodynamic responses to deposition-promoting projects in island and reef coasts of the Zhoushan Archipelago,China

China's island and reef coasts are mainly distributed along the coasts of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. These areas have favorable deep-water conditions and great development potential. The Zhoushan Archipelago is a typical island and reef coast. In the midst of the islands, there are many tidal channels with high water depth and high current velocity. Daishan Island is located on the northern part of the Zhoushan Archipelago. The sea north of Daishan Island can be characterized as having great water depth (generally between 10 and 20 m), high current velocity (the maximum measured value is about 2 m/s), and hyperconcentrated suspended sediment (annual average concentration under normal weather conditions is about 0.6 kg/m3). Sediment transport is influenced by the co-action of waves and currents. Land reclamation can ease the contradiction between the desire for development and the land resource shortage on island and reef coasts. Land reclamation generally starts from deposition-promoting projects on island and reef coasts with hyperconcentration of suspended sediment with the aim of reducing the reclamation cost. Based on the morphodynamic characteristics of the sea area near north of Daishan Island, a two-dimensional mathematical model was developed to analyze the co-action of current and waves and the model was verified for spring as well as neap tides in 2007 and 2012. The simulated values of tidal stages, tidal current velocities, tidal current directions, and suspended sediment concentration at 15 stations in 2007 and 9 stations in 2012 were in good agreement with the in-situ measured values. Furthermore, the simulated magnitude and pattern of erosion and sedimentation agreed well with the observations. This model was used to evaluate the effects of a proposed siltation scheme on the hydrodynamic environment and morphological change of the study area. The results of this study can inform the protection, development, and utilization of shoal-channels on island and reef coasts, as well provide a scientific basis for comprehensive maritime protection and development.     

Petrogensis and tectonic setting of the Yemaquan granite from the iron‐polymetallic ore area of Qimantag,Eastern Kunlun Mountains,Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Being a part of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean, closing of the Buqingshan‐Anyemaqen oceanic basin left a rich geologic record in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt. The genesis and tectonic setting of the granites including quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite and mozogranite is discussed in light of the geochemical and U–Pb chronological data obtained. U–Pb dating studies on zircon from the quartz monzodiorite and monzogranite of the research area yielded ages of 220.11 ± 0.49 Ma ((Mean Square Weighted Deviates) MSWD = 0.046) and 223.33 ± 0.54 Ma (MSWD = 0.14), respectively, by Laser Ablation Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA–MC–ICP–MS) method. According to sedimentological and structural investigations, the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean in the Qimantag region began to close at about 235 Ma, and completely disapperared at about 220 Ma. The three types of granites in this study are considered to intrude the syn‐ to post‐collisional stages. The quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite belong to the I‐type granite whereas the monzogranite is of the S‐type granite. These two types of granites were formed by different ways of partial melting: first, partial melting of the lower crust took place as a result of asthenosphere upwelling triggered by break‐up of the leading edge or tearing of the descending oceanic slab. Subsequently partial melting of the middle–lower crust was caused by the underplating of basaltic magma formed by partial melting of the mantle wedge fluxed by fluids liberated by the oceanic slab dehydration. The magma responsible for the formation of S‐type granites appears to have originated from partial melting of the upper crustal material at a shallower level with a clear signature of continental crust.     

2017年九寨沟7级地震前电磁扰动异常分析

地震前的电磁扰动现象曾被多次观测到, 但需进一步研究。 在中国地震局的支持下, 可以监测电磁扰动数据的多分量地震监测系统AETA在中国境内已经布设了200余套。 2017年8月8日, 四川省九寨沟县发生7级地震。 震中周边500 km范围内当时已经布设22套AETA设备。 基于滑动四分位距法(时间窗为27 d)分析了这些台站震前30 d的数据。 11个台站出现了异常, 其中震中周边200 km内的6个台站有4个发生异常。 同时, 正异常明显多于负异常。 另外, 大部分异常发生在夜间(20时~6时)。     

贵州岩溶区河流瀑布地形发育与水利开发的地质问题

对贵州５００多处河流瀑布的勘察研究成果表明,瀑布数量多、单级水能小、分布广、类型多、成因复杂;以岩溶瀑布为主。一般地说,河流瀑布的水利应按落差、水量综合开发,而不宜按单个开发,分散利用。但从水利工程地后工作角度来看,也不能因此而忽略了开发河段上作单级开发的瀑布地形的研究,在一定时期内单级瀑布小工程开发并非都是坏事。在进行流域规划,以及工程地质调查中,瀑布地貌的研究应予足够的重视。      

基于粒度插值计算的底质划界与表示方法研究

针对传统海洋底质几何划界方法精度不足和表示方法单一的问题,提出一种基于站点粒度数据进行Delaunay三角网插值计算的底质划界方法,利用底质分类阈值进行区域定性,实现底质的空间定量划界;针对底质划界结果,提出一种应用于不同比例尺下的底质符号(线状和面状)表示方法,并且设计与比例尺相衔接的显示机制.实验表明,该划界方法可...     

赣州市土地质量地球化学评估及其富硒特征研究

摘要: 基于赣州市多目标区域地球化学调查获得的表层土壤数据,对赣州市土壤硒的地球化学特征进行研究,并开展了土地质量地球化学评估。赣州市土壤硒的变异系数属于中等起伏型,局部存在富硒土壤或贫硒土壤,Se含量与pH值呈显著负相关。富硒土壤面积为4 224 km²,占总面积的10.76%; 硒含量适量的土壤面积为29 248 km²,占总面积的74.49%; 硒含量处于边缘的土壤面积为5 280 km²,占总面积的13.45%; 缺硒土壤面积为512 km²,占总面积的1.30%。评估区土地质量整体良好,以优良等级土壤为主,占评估区总面积的57.83%,中等等级土壤占评估区总面积的40.01%,差等级和劣等级土壤较少,占评估区总面积的2.16%。     

雅鲁藏布江中游及昌果沟遗址古环境分析

西藏拉萨昌果沟遗址位于雅鲁藏布江中游支流的阶地上,是重要的新石器时代遗址.为探讨昌果沟遗址附近的古环境,对遗址附近开展地貌调查,在遗址北面约1 km处选取1个全新世风成沉积剖面进行光释光测年和环境指标分析,在雅鲁藏布江中游选2个阶地剖面进行光释光测年分析;此外,还总结了雅鲁藏布江中游23个全新世古土壤/泥炭的测年数据,进行概率密度分析,试图揭示区域的环境演化特征.研究表明:全新世古土壤/泥炭年代的概率密度可以较好地反映区域气候变化,9.0~6.0 ka古土壤/泥炭发育在波动中增强,气候由冷干向暖湿转换;6.0~2.9 ka古土壤/泥炭发育最强,气候相对温干;2.9 ka后鲜有古土壤/泥炭发育,气候变得冷干,史前人类活动受限.4.5 ka之后雅鲁藏布江中游及其支流一级阶地的形成为新石器时期先民提供农业耕作的场所,古土壤的发育为农作物提供了丰富的营养.1.4~1.1 ka期间(吐蕃王朝时期)局部地区有古土壤发育,气候好转.     

自一里电站地下硐室涌突水危险性分析

地下工程涌突水是影响工程施工及运行的一个重要问题,目前对水电站地下工程涌突水危险性评价的研究较少。本文以自一里水电站为例,参考已有且较为完善的岩溶隧道涌突水及非可溶岩长深隧道涌突水的危险性评价方法,从地下水通道和地下水来源(补给)两个涌突水控制因素入手,综合分析各项要素,对自一里电站地下硐室的涌突水危险性进行初步分区。结果表明:自一里电站厂址区整体涌突水危险性较低,但在局部地段有发生涌水的可能。厂址区硐室按照涌突水危险性高低可分为较高危险区、中等危险区和低危险区。     

扬子克拉通古大陆边缘Mo同位素特征及对有机埋藏量的指示意义

通过对扬子克拉通古大陆边缘不同时期沉积岩的Mo同位素进行测定,结合Mo微量元素组成,对古大陆边缘Mo的自生作用规律进行了研究,并根据Mo丰度对原始有机碳堆积速率进行了计算.结果表明,其原始有机碳堆积速率在0.17～0.67mmol/m2/day之间.利用已建立的现代大陆边缘δ98Mo与有机碳埋藏速率模型,对该区不同时期沉积岩的有机碳埋藏速率进行恢复.结果表明,扬子克拉通显生宙不同时期沉积岩的有机碳埋藏速率有较大的变化范围(0.43～2.87mmol/m2/day),并与原始有机碳堆积速率具有明显的相关性,因此,δ98Mo有可能成为评价有效烃源岩的潜在指标.