南京市区降水酸度的初步研究

本文介绍了1979年11月至1980年7月期间南京市区降水酸度的测量结果。结果表明:南京市区降水的pH平均值为5.62,变化范围从4.10—7.93,其中,1980年1月份和7月份出现酸雨,pH的月平均值分别达到5.52和5.26。 测量结果还与日本、英国、美国的观测结果作了比较。     

Metal contents of the two marine algae found on iron ore tailings

The two marine algae, Chaetomorpha brychagona and Enteromorpha crinita are found abundantly on the iron ore tailings of Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong, with a rather high level of various metals. Tissue analysis of the algae revealed that the contents of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) were higher than in the population collected from the two uncontaminated sites far away from the tailings. It was suggested that the algae were able to adapt to such a harsh environment with a comparatively high level of trace elements and the lack of basic nutrients. However, further studies are needed before any conclusion can be drawn. The delicate situation of the land-locked sea, Tolo Harbour, where the tailings and future heavy industrial site are situated, should not be overlooked.     

Protecting the national parks and the world heritage sites in China: challenge and strategy

About 70% of its land area as mountains and plateaus, China is the largest mountain country in the world. Thanks to its vast territory (9.6 million km²), outstanding relief and varied climates, China boasts extremely plenty of ecosystems and landscapes. From south to north, it traverses almost all the temporal zones from tropical rainforest in the southernmost to frigid-temperate needle-leaved forest in the northernmost; from east to west, it sees a gradual transition fro humid forest landscape to extremely arid desert landscape; vertical change of landscapes is most striking owing to the existence of many high mountains (above 6000–7000 m, e.g., the Himalayas, the Kunlun, the Tianshan, the Hengduan, etc.) and plateaus, especially the immense Tibetan Plateau (averagely 4500 m above sea level). All of this give rise to the richness and diversity of ecosystems and landscape in China. Some of the ecosystems are endemic to China, e.g., alpine desert and alpine steppe in the Tibetan Plateau. As a result, China bears a great responsibility in the protection of global ecosystems and landscape.     

重庆地区江北砾岩地球化学分析

通过选取砾岩填隙物、砾石局部胶结填隙物、砂岩层的鲜岩石作为分析样品,结合江北砂、砾岩碳氧同位素、化学成分和磁化率的特征,对重庆地区江北砾岩进行了地球化学分析.研究结果表明,重庆地区江北砾岩胶结时期为冷干气候占据优势,但也经历了较短的暖湿时期.砾岩的主要成分是硅质,胶结物主要为钙质.     

岩浆不混溶分异过程动力学分析

根据实验和具体实例,从岩浆不混溶分异过程分析了不混溶球体相随粒经大小而发展演化的阶段性。在早期,数十微米级以下细小的不混溶球体相互相碰撞合并作用剧烈,生长迅速,正因为如此,以及岩浆结晶作用影响,这种球体相一般难以保存下来。另一极端情况是不混溶相生长到米级以上粒径的球体相时,由于快速的重力分离作用,也难以呈球状保存下来,而形成较大规模的分异层状体。只有毫米级到厘米级的不混溶球体相,由于发展缓慢,容易保存,以致可以在火成岩中看到这种球颗（粒）结构。有时微米级球体可以在淬冷火山岩基质中得以保存。从力学角度看,岩浆不混溶相的发展过程是一种有效的岩浆分异演化机理。     

蓝宝石主要致色元素与其颜色关系的实验研究

蓝宝石的颜色与主要致色元素的含量及其比值以及形成时的氧逸度有密切关系。本实验选用不同色调的蓝宝石,采用定量控制环境氧逸度的热处理方法,控制蓝宝石中主要致色离子的价态和比例。通过实验研究,获得（１）蓝宝石的颜色、透明度与氧逸度之间的关系曲线;（２）山东昌乐蓝宝石颜色与Ｆｅ、Ｔｉ含量及其比值之间关系曲线。Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ等多种杂质元素含量高会导致蓝宝石透明度降低,灰色调显著;（３）发现山东昌乐蓝宝石中存在α－Ｆｅ,它是蓝宝石颜色深,透明度差的重要原因之一。     

江西银山金、铜多金属矿床构造动力-火山岩浆同步一体成矿热结构模式

银山金铜多金属矿床位于赣东北深断裂的北西侧。矿区大面积出露前震旦系双桥山群浅变质岩,其上有零星不整合产出的上侏罗统鹅湖岭组火山碎屑岩—熔岩。矿区褶皱构造主体为双桥山群浅变质岩构成的银山背斜,沿背斜轴部发育一条斜贯全区的剪切带。区内主要发育燕山早期的火山碎屑岩、熔岩、次火山岩及隐爆角砾岩。大量事实表明,该矿床经历了构造动力热液成矿和火山－岩浆热液成矿,两种成矿作用在时间上具同期性,在空间上两者密切相关,构成了构造动力—火山岩浆同步一体的成矿体系。     

东昆仑白金沟金矿床石英的成矿作用显示

１地质特征白金沟金矿地处东昆仑的开荒北地区,位于昆南断裂与阿拉克湖—托索湖断裂交汇处,是东昆仑较为典型的石英脉型金矿和找矿前景颇佳的矿种。区内断裂构造发育,并且多期次活动,以致矿区岩石破碎强烈,影响较大的断裂破碎带有三条,以压性为主,产状分别为２１０...     

玻镁安山岩中辉石枝晶的形貌与晶体生长方式

川西乡城地区的玻镁安山岩基质中辉石微晶具有奇特的枝晶形貌。通过高倍率光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察,较详细地分析了辉石枝晶的形貌细节。辉石枝晶一般发育三级分枝,各分枝间以近于90°和110°交角沿单斜辉石结晶学主轴方位优先生长,各级分校具有整体一致的光学性质,如同单个晶体。玻镁安山岩浆流动性大,呈薄层状。快速冷凝作用和强的结晶能力是辉石枝晶发育的前提条件。初步探讨了在远离平衡态结晶时,辉石枝晶生长方式和界面稳定性对晶体形貌的控制作用。     

The evolution of galactic discs

We use recent observations of high-redshift galaxies to study the evolution of galactic discs over the redshift range 0 <  z ≲1. The data are inconsistent with models in which discs were already assembled at z  = 1 and have evolved only in luminosity since that time. Assuming that disc properties change with redshift as powers of 1 +   z and analysing the observations assuming an Einstein–de Sitter universe, we find that for given rotation speed, disc scalelength decreases with z as ∼ (1 +  z )⁻¹, total B -band mass-to-light ratio decreases with z as ∼ (1 +  z )⁻¹, and disc luminosity (again in B ) depends only weakly on z . These scalings are consistent with current data on the evolution of disc galaxy abundance as a function of size and luminosity. Both the scalings and the abundance evolution are close to the predictions of hierarchical models for galaxy formation. If different cosmogonies are compared, the observed evolution in disc size and disc abundance favours a flat low-Ω₀ universe over an Einstein–de Sitter universe.