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841.
不同周期气压波对钻孔体应变仪观测结果的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
应用相关分析与谱分析方法,研究了天津宝坻、北京东三旗和河北张家口台2003~2006年钻孔体应变与气压之间的关系。分析结果表明,同一台站不同周期的气压波与体应变具有不尽相同的关系,如宝坻台年周期体应变与气压负相关,回归系数为-13.35×10-11/Pa,滞后气压变化62.15天;月周期和日、半日周期体应变与气压均呈同步、线性、正相关关系,回归系数平均值分别为7.489×10-11/Pa和6.301×10-11/Pa。不同台站日、半日周期和月周期气压波对体应变的影响较为接近,而与年周期相比差异较大。根据岩石力学和弹性力学原理,进一步探讨了不同周期气压波与体应变相关性存在差异的原因。 相似文献
842.
我国大陆6级地震平静后首次强地震的短期预测实验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自2005年4月8日西藏仲巴6.7级地震后,我国大陆出现了历史上少有的6级地震平静.截止到2007年4月初,6级地震平静达730多天,这一现象引起了众多专家的高度关注,将在何时、何处打破这种平静一时成为关注的焦点.依据我国大陆形变异常分布特征,作者分别于2007年4月18日和4月27日试验性地提出了<东部地区短期地震危险性分析意见>及西北地区5月份存在发生6级地震可能性的预测意见.两次预测实验结果尽管都不是很准确,但对于揭示地壳形变观测本质及探索地震预测新方法等都是有意义的. 相似文献
843.
Diamonds are renowned as the record of Earth’s evolution history. Natural diamonds on the Earth can be distinguished in light of genetic types as kimberlitic diamonds (including peridotitic diamonds and eclogitic diamonds), ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic diamonds and ophiolitic diamonds. According to the inclusion mineralogy, most diamonds originated from continental lithospheric mantle at depths of 140–250 km. Several localities, however, yield ultradeep diamonds with inclusion compositions that require a sublithospheric origin (>~250 km). Ultradeep diamonds exhibit distinctions in terms of carbon isotope composition, N-concentration, mineral inclusions and so on. The present study provides a systematic compilation concerning the features of ultradeep diamonds, based on which to expound their genesis affinity with mantle-carbonate melts. The diamond-parental carbonate melts are proposed to be stemmed from the Earth’s crust through subduction of oceanic lithosphere. Ultradeep diamonds are classified into a subgroup attaching to kimberlitic diamonds grounded by formation mechanism, and present connections in respect of carbon origin to eclogitic diamonds, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic diamonds and ophiolitic diamonds. 相似文献
844.
Le Yu XueCao Li CongCong Li YuanYuan Zhao ZhenGuo Niu HuaBing Huang Jie Wang YuQi Cheng Hui Lu YaLi Si ChaoQing Yu HaoHuan Fu Peng Gong 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(2):277-285
A technically transparent and freely available reference sample set for validation of global land cover mapping was recently established to assess the accuracies of land cover maps with multiple resolutions. This sample set can be used to estimate areas because of its equal-area hexagon-based sampling design. The capabilities of these sample set-based area estimates for cropland were investigated in this paper. A 30-m cropland map for China was consolidated using three thematic maps (cropland, forest and wetland maps) to reduce confusion between cropland and forest/wetland. We compared three area estimation methods using the sample set and the 30 m cropland map. The methods investigated were: (1) pixel counting from a complete coverage map, (2) direct estimation from reference samples, and (3) model-assisted estimation combining the map with samples. Our results indicated that all three methods produced generally consistent estimates which agreed with cropland area measured from an independent national land use dataset. Areas estimated from the reference sample set were less biased by comparing with a National Land Use Dataset of China (NLUD-C). This study indicates that the reference sample set can be used as an alternative source to estimate areas over large regions. 相似文献
845.
Rainfall interception by tree crown and leaf litter: An interactive process 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Xiang Li Qingfu Xiao Jianzhi Niu Salli Dymond E. Gregory McPherson Natalie van Doorn Xinxiao Yu Baoyuan Xie Kebin Zhang Jiao Li 《水文研究》2017,31(20):3533-3542
Rainfall interception research in forest ecosystems usually focuses on interception by either tree crown or leaf litter, although the 2 components interact when rainfall occurs. A process‐based study was conducted to jointly measure rainfall interception by crown and litter and the interaction between the 2 interception processes for 4 tree species (Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis represented needle‐leaf species, and Quercus variabilis and Acer truncatum represented broadleaf species) at 3 simulated rainfall intensities (10, 50, and 100 mm hr?1). Results indicated that (a) crown and litter interception processes incorporated 3 phases: the dampening phase, the steady saturation phase, and the postrainfall drainage phase, but the dampening phase for litter interception usually lasted 30 min longer than for crown interception; (b) the maximum and minimum interception storage (C max and C min ) for the crown were 0.63 and 0.36 mm on average, and litter C max and C min were 5.38 and 2.36 mm, respectively; (c) generally, crown and litter C max and C min increased when gross precipitation increased significantly (p < .05) from 10 to 100 mm; and (4) crown C max and C min for needle‐species were 1.8 and 1.2 times larger than broadleaf species, whereas broadleaf litter showed the opposite, its C max and C min were 2.0 and 1.6 times larger than needle‐leaf litter on average; however, no significant differences were observed in crown and litter C max and C min between species on per leaf area and litter thickness basis. Results were normalized by total leaf area and litter thickness to provide a way to scale up from young trees to mature forests. Overall, rainfall interception was affected by biotic and abiotic factors together and could be quantified via multiple linear regression functions. 相似文献
846.
The aseismic design of cable-stayed bridges in the transverse direction with newly proposed metallic dampers that can accommodate both longitudinal and transverse movement of the deck has recently been considered. This work focuses on developing a simplified method to design an appropriate metallic damper. The seismic performance of cablestayed bridges with different damper stiffness, main span lengths, tower shapes and types of deck in the transverse direction are investigated. The transverse displacement of the deck of a cable-stayed bridge increases significantly with the increment of the damper stiffness, which proves that the design of the damper stiffness is crucial. A simplified model considering the damper stiffness, cable system and tower in the transverse direction is developed to evaluate the period and lateral displacement of a complicated cable-stayed bridge. Based on the simplified model, a design method is proposed and assessed using two cable-stayed bridges as examples. The results show that metallic dampers can be designed with high efficiency, and the optimal ductility of the damper can be selected. 相似文献
847.
Nine PHC piles with partial normal-strength deformed bars were prepared in present study, and cyclic loading tests were implemented to evaluate these piles’ seismic performance. The influence of the axial compression ratio and the amount of normal-strength deformed bars on failure modes, crack patterns, strength, stiffness, and ductility were examined. The test findings indicate that the change of axial compression ratio has a noticeable influence on the failure mode of PHC piles. A larger axial compression ratio results in a higher cracking bending resistance, ultimate bending resistance, and initial stiffness, but the propagation heights of flexural cracks decrease as the axial compression ratio increases. Furthermore, increasing the amount of normal-strength deformed bars causes a slight decrease in ductility. Finally, a calculation formula was proposed to predict the flexural capacity of PHC piles with partial normal-strength deformed bars. 相似文献
848.
针对河北永年地震台伸缩仪EW分量2015年5月11日起出现的加速拉张变化,从仪器工作状态、洞室环境、气象条件和外界环境干扰等方面,进行调查分析。利用3种荷载模型计算道路施工荷载变化可能引起的应变变化量,并结合其他形变测项变化特征进行论证,认为永年伸缩仪张性变化是区域应力场调整的结果。 相似文献
850.
通过使用传播矩阵方法计算全波场理论地震图和对观测资料分析,对40deg;——180deg;震中距范围内SS波形复杂性的影响因素进行了定量探讨. 研究表明,S波在反射点的莫霍面和地表产生的透射转换与反射转换震相,是造成SS波形复杂化的主要因素;反射点莫霍界面两侧的波速差异程度对各转换震相幅度有重要影响. 当反射点地壳比较薄时,台站地壳也对SS波形的复杂化起作用. 这些影响因素共同造成了SS的切向与径向分量之间的分裂时间与反射点地壳厚度具有明显正相关性. 对SS反射点分别落在中国东部和西部的两组观测波形资料进行了分析,并测量了切向与径向之间的分裂时间. 结果表明,地壳较厚的西部的分裂时间明显大于地壳较薄的东部的分裂时间,并有可能发展一种利用SS分裂时间来估算地壳厚度的新方法. 相似文献