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排序方式: 共有807条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
801.
802.
A Simple Method of Estimating Scalar Fluxes Over Forests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nelson Luis Dias Jinkyu Hong Monique Y. Leclerc T. Andrew Black Z. Nesic P. Krishnan 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,132(3):401-414
A simple aerodynamic-variance method is proposed to fill gaps in continuous CO2 flux measurements in rainy conditions, when open-path analysers do not function. The method requires turbulent conditions
(friction velocity greater than 0.1 ms–1), and uses measurements of mean wind speed, and standard deviations of temperature and CO2 concentration fluctuations to complement, and at times replace, eddy-covariance measurements of friction velocity, sensible
heat flux and CO2 flux. Friction velocity is estimated from the mean wind speed with a flux-gradient relationship modified for the roughness
sublayer. Since normalised standard deviations do not follow Monin-Obukhov similarity theory in the roughness sublayer, a
simple classification scheme according to the scalar turbulence scale was used. This scheme is shown to produce sensible heat
and CO2 flux estimates that are well correlated with the measured values. 相似文献
803.
Mort Webster Andrei P. Sokolov John M. Reilly Chris E. Forest Sergey Paltsev Adam Schlosser Chien Wang David Kicklighter Marcus Sarofim Jerry Melillo Ronald G. Prinn Henry D. Jacoby 《Climatic change》2012,112(3-4):569-583
Although policymaking in response to the climate change threat is essentially a challenge of risk management, most studies of the relation of emissions targets to desired climate outcomes are either deterministic or subject to a limited representation of the underlying uncertainties. Monte Carlo simulation, applied to the MIT Integrated Global System Model (an integrated economic and earth system model of intermediate complexity), is used to analyze the uncertain outcomes that flow from a set of century-scale emissions paths developed originally for a study by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program. The resulting uncertainty in temperature change and other impacts under these targets is used to illustrate three insights not obtainable from deterministic analyses: that the reduction of extreme temperature changes under emissions constraints is greater than the reduction in the median reduction; that the incremental gain from tighter constraints is not linear and depends on the target to be avoided; and that comparing median results across models can greatly understate the uncertainty in any single model. 相似文献
804.
Isotopic characteristics and petrogenesis of the lamproites and kimberlites of central west Greenland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David R. Nelson 《Lithos》1989,22(4):265-274
Kimberlites which intruded the Sisimiut (formerly Holsteinsborg) region of central west Greenland during the Early Palaeozoic have initial 87Sr/86Sr between 0.7028 and 0.7033 and εNd between + 1.3 and + 3.9. Mid-Proterozoic potassic lamproites from the same region have initial 87Sr/86Sr between 0.7045 and 0.7060, εNd between −13 and −10 and unradiogenic initial Pb isotopic compositions. The isotopic data favour an asthenospheric mantle source for the kimberlite magmas, in common with “basaltic” kimberlites from other localities, whereas the lamproite magma sources evolved in isolation from the convecting mantle for > 1000 Ma, probably within the subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the Greenland craton, prior to emplacement of the lamproites. 相似文献
805.
Arctic Alaska is a ‘suspect’ terrane that encompasses approximately 20% of Alaska, stretching from the southern Brooks Range all the way to the continental shelves of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Although the origin and subsequent travels of this large crustal fragment are debated among geologists, most researchers agree upon its composite nature and exotic origin. To constrain the early geological history of this terrane, we describe a recent expedition to the Doonerak fenster of the central Brooks Range. This area has long been regarded as a key locality for understanding the structural evolution of the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Brooks Range orogen; however, our target was different: a unique sequence of volcanic and siliciclastic rocks (Apoon assemblage) exposed beneath a profound pre-Mississippian unconformity, which we argue is of key importance to understanding the early Paleozoic tectonic history of northern Alaska and the greater Arctic. 相似文献
806.
P. G. Brown P. J. A. McCausland A. R. Hildebrand L. T. J. Hanton L. M. Eckart H. Busemann D. Krietsch C. Maden K. Welten M. W. Caffee M. Laubenstein D. Vida F. Ciceri E. Silber C. D. K. Herd P. Hill H. Devillepoix Eleanor K. Sansom Martin Cupák Seamus Anderson R. L. Flemming A. J. Nelson M. Mazur D. E. Moser W. J. Cooke D. Hladiuk Barbara Malečić Maja Telišman Prtenjak R. Nowell The Golden Meteorite Consortium 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2023,58(12):1773-1807
807.
Louise Best Alexander R. Simms Martin Brader Jerry Lloyd Juliet Sefton Ian Shennan 《第四纪科学杂志》2022,37(1):59-70
New relative sea-level (RSL) data constrain the timing and magnitude of RSL changes in the southern Isle of Skye following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We identify a marine limit at ~23 m OD, indicating RSL ~20 m above present c. 15.1 ka. Isolation basin data, supported by terrestrial and marine limiting dates, record an RSL fall to 11.59 m above present by c. 14.2 ka. This RSL fall occurs across the time of global Meltwater Pulse 1A, supporting recent research on the sources of ice melting. Our new data also help to resolve some of the chronological issues within the existing Isle of Skye RSL record and provide details of the sub-Arctic marine environment associated with the transition into Devensian Lateglacial climate at c. 14.5 k cal a bp , and the timing of changes in response to the Loch Lomond Stadial climate. Glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA) model predictions of RSL deviate from the RSL constraints and reflect uncertainties in local and global ice models used within the GIA models. An empirical RSL curve provides a target for future research. 相似文献