西乡群三郎铺组和大石沟组火山岩U-Pb定年及岩石成因研究

三郎铺组不整合上覆于孙家河组之上,与大石沟组呈连续过渡关系,两者均为一套火山沉积岩系。三郎铺组火山岩主要为玄武岩和流纹岩,大石沟组火山岩包括玄武岩、安山岩、流纹岩。大石沟组流纹岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年揭示流纹岩形成时代为803.0±5.3Ma,属新元古代岩浆作用产物。元素地球化学和三郎铺组特有的陆相火山岩结构表明火山岩形成大陆板内伸展环境,属亚碱性火山岩系。三郎铺组玄武岩和流纹岩组成双峰式火山岩套,微量元素比值对模拟结果表明玄武岩浆来源于岩石圈地幔中原始石榴石二辉橄榄岩的部分熔融,部分熔融程度约为7%; 三郎铺组流纹岩浆源岩可能为白勉峡组下部的玄武质岩石,岩浆起源于斜长石稳定的下地壳源区或部分熔融形成的原生岩浆在上升过程中,经历了较为显著的斜长石结晶分异作用过程。大石沟组玄武岩、安山岩和流纹岩具有相同的微量元素比值、ε(t)值和t_DM,为同一母岩浆分离结晶的产物。玄武岩浆起源于原始石榴石二辉橄榄岩约10%的部分熔融,玄武岩浆分离结晶后残余岩浆比例约70%时形成安山岩浆,残余岩浆比例约20%~30%时产生流纹岩浆; 分离结晶的主要矿物包括斜长石和铁钛氧化物。三郎铺组和大石沟组均是新元古代晚期大陆裂谷作用的岩浆响应。     

Fingerprints of forearc element mobility in blueschist-facies metaconglomerates,Catalina Schist,California

ABSTRACT

Metaconglomerates in the lawsonite–blueschist facies unit of the Catalina Schist (California) contain gabbroic and dioritic clasts exhibiting evidence for extensive metasomatism during high-P/T metamorphism. We performed whole-rock and in situ analyses of these metaconglomerate clasts to better constrain the composition of infiltrating fluids and to elucidate the history of chemical alteration. Petrographic evidence for this alteration includes replacements of plagioclase by phengite and sodic amphibole rims developed on igneous hornblende. These observations regarding mineral replacement are reinforced by corresponding shifts in chemical compositions. Relative to compositions of presumed protoliths, whole-rock compositions of the metaconglomerate clasts show enrichments in elements that are relatively mobile in aqueous fluids (LILE: K, Rb, Cs, and Ba; Li, B, N), and elevated δ¹⁵N, and show depletions in Ca and Sr. Electron and ion microprobe data, and analyses of mineral separates, show that phengite and sodic amphibole are enriched in LILE and Li and B, respectively, relative to the igneous phases they have replaced. Oxygen and C isotope compositions of finely disseminated calcite in the clasts, and of calcite in veins cross-cutting or mantling the clasts, are consistent with crystallization from fluids previously equilibrated with metasedimentary rocks within the same unit. The same fluids are implicated as the source for the Li, B, N, and LILE enrichments. These metaconglomerate clasts provide unique records of forearc metasomatism due to the presumed extremely low and well-constrained concentrations of fluid-mobile elements in their protoliths and the previously published, larger-scale fluid–rock context into which the observed metasomatic changes can be placed.