温阳解毒方联合隔药灸治疗糖尿病神经源性膀胱25例

目的：探究温阳解毒方联合隔药灸治疗糖尿病神经源性膀胱（DNB）阳虚毒郁证的临床疗效。方法：将52 例DNB阳虚毒郁证患者随机分为2组,每组各26 例。对照组予皮下注射胰岛素或口服降糖药控制血糖,治疗组在对照组基础上予温阳解毒方口服及隔药灸治疗,2组均治疗4周。比较2组治疗前和治疗2、4周后膀胱残余尿量（RUV）、中医证候积分和血糖水平［包括空腹血糖（FPG）、葡萄糖负荷后2h血糖（2hPG）］。结果：治疗组脱落1 例,对照组脱落3 例。2组治疗2周后的RUV、中医证候积分、FPG、2hPG及治疗组治疗4周后的RUV、中医证候积分与本组前一时间节点比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）;2组治疗2、4周后RUV、中医证候积分组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05,P<0.01）,但FPG、2hPG组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2组治疗过程中均未出现明显不良反应。结论：温阳解毒方口服联合隔药灸能够有效治疗DNB阳虚毒郁证,可持续减少膀胱残余尿量,缓解临床症状。     

Evaluating field-based GIS for environmental characterization,modelling and decision support

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the potential of using GIS (Geographical Information Systems) in the field for environmental characterization, modelling and decision support particularly in isolated areas where data collection is difficult. Observations are based on experiences gained during two Anglo-Russian expeditions to the Altai Mountains of south central Siberia aimed at evaluating proposals for a new national park in the Katunsky Ridge area of the Belukha Massif. The use of GIS together with GPS (Global Positioning Systems) for primary data collection and verification/update of existing data is described and the use of field-based systems for on-the-spot environmental modelling and decision support is evaluated.     

Sulphur cycling in organic-rich marine sediments from a Scottish fjord

In this study, the biogeochemical transformations of sulphur in organic‐rich marine sediments in a Scottish fjord are investigated by a combination of pore water and sediment geochemistry with sulphide diffusive gradient thin‐film probes and sulphate isotopic data (δ³⁴S and δ¹⁸O). Particular attention is paid to sulphur cycling in the upper sediment profile where sulphate reduction occurs but free sulphide is below the detection limits of conventional pore water geochemical analysis but quantifiable by sulphide diffusive gradient thin film. In the uppermost part of the sediment core, δ¹⁸O sulphate decreased from near‐sea water values to +7‰, indicating that anoxic sulphide oxidation dominated during this interval. Sulphate δ³⁴S remained unchanged as there was no net sulphate reduction (i.e. reduction was balanced by re‐oxidation). Below 4 cm depth, there was a slight increase in sulphate δ³⁴S from 20‰ to 23‰ associated with minor accumulation of iron sulphide. The δ¹⁸O of the sulphate also increased, to around +10‰ at 10 cm depth, as a result of the isotopic exchange of sulphate–oxygen with pore water and/or sulphur disproportionation reactions mediated during sulphur cycling. These processes continued to increase the δ¹⁸O of the sulphate to 14‰ at 20 cm depth with no further change in the δ³⁴S of the sulphate. Below 20 cm depth, free sulphide is detectable in pore waters and both the δ³⁴S of the sulphate and sulphide increase with depth with an offset controlled by kinetic fractionation during bacterial sulphate reduction. The δ³⁴S of the sedimentary organic fraction shifted towards lower, more bacteriogenic, values with depth in the profile, without any increase in the size of this sulphur pool. Thus, the organic sulphur fraction was open to interaction with bacteriogenic sulphide without the occurrence of net addition. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using sulphur isotopic compositions to infer simple net addition of bacteriogenic sulphide to the organic sulphur fraction.     

Wollastonite--Scapolite Assemblages as Indicators of Granulite Pressure-Temperature-Fluid Histories: The Rauer Group, East Antarctica

Mid-Proterozoic ( 1000 Ma) granulite facies calc-silicates fromthe Rauer Group, East Antarctica, contain grossular-wollastonite-scapolite-dinopyroxene( + quartz or calcite) assemblages which preserve symplectiteand corona textures typically involving the growth of secondarywollastonite. The textures include (1) wollastonite rims betweenquartz and calcite; (2) wollastonite-plagioclase rims and intergrowthsbetween quartz and scapolite; (3) wollastonite-scapolite-clinopyroxeneinter-growths replacing grossular; and (4) wollastonite-plagioclasesymplectites replacing grossular or earlier symplectites (3). Reactions between grossular, scapolite, wollastonite, calcite,quartz, anorthite, and vapour, have been modelled in the CaO-Al₂O₃SiO₂-H₂O-CO₂and more complex systems using the internally consistent data-setof Holland & Powell (1990). Reactions producing scapoliteand wollastonite consume vapour as temperature increases (i.e., carbonation), in agreement with the results of Moecher &Essene (1990). These calc-silicates can therefore behave asfluid sinks under high-grade conditions. Conversely, they maybe important fluid sources on cooling and contribute to theformation of post-metamorphic CO₂rich fluid inclusions in isobaricallycooled granulites. P-T-_CO2 diagrams calculated for typical phase compositions (e.g., garnet, scapolite) demonstrate that the observed texturesare a record of near-isothermal decompression at 800–850 C, consistent with P—rpath determinations based on otherrock types from the Rauer Group. For example, texture (2) resultsfrom crossing the reaction Scapolite + Quartz = Wollastonite + Plagioclase + V on decompression, at 6. 5–7 kb, 820 C, and a_CO2 of0–4–0–5. Furthermore, correlations betweenmodes of product phases (e. g., wollastonitexlinopyroxene) andreactant garnet composition preclude open-system behaviour inthe formation of these textures, consistent with post-peak vapour-absentreactions such as Grossular + Calcite + Quartz = Wollastonite + Scapolite occurring on decomposition at high temperatures (>800C). Reaction textures developed in calc-silicates from other granuliteterranes often involve the formation of grossular ( + quartz calcite) as rims on wollastonite-scapolite, or replacementof wollastonite by calcite-quartz. These textures have developedprincipally in response to cooling below 780–810 C andmay be signatures of near-isobaric cooling. Infiltration ofhydrous fluid is not a necessary condition for the productionof garnet coronas in wollastonite-scapolite granulites. ^*Present address: Department of Earth Sciences, University ofMelbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia     

A mineral magnetic study of Holocene sedimentation in Lough Catherine, Northern Ireland

A suite of 6 m long Mackereth cores collected from Lough Catherine, Northern Ireland, form the basis of a study of sediment accumulation rates throughout the Holocene. A data set produced by measuring the magnetic susceptibility, artificially induced remanent magnetisations and density of the sediment was used to correlate the cores by means of a sequence slotting algorithm. The resulting sediment accumulation pattern was dated by reference to previous¹⁴C and palynological studies. The interpretation of the magnetic logs was complicated by the authigenic formation of the magnetic mineral greigite (Fe₃S₄) and by magnetite dissolution discovered during a period of low sediment accumulation between the end of the Lateglacial period (10,100¹⁴C years B.P.) and the elm decline (5,200 B.P.). More traditional methods of core analysis based on sediment density and also new palynological studies were used to correlate sections of the cores where the magnetic results were least amenable to core matching on account of low downcore variability and low accumulation rate. The accumulation rate, a direct indication of catchment denudation, has accelerated fivefold during the Holocene. The sediment accumulation rate has increased most dramatically since the elm decline at 5,200 B.P., reflecting the increasing degree of human disturbance.     

Carbonate cementation of some Pleistocene temperate marine sediments

Carbonate cementation of some carbonate and quartz sands in three raised beaches of temperate origins was investigated. The carbonate of the cements was found to have been derived from the dissolution of skeletal debris. The sandstones, so produced, now possess only low-magnesium calcite, but the original sediments, like adjacent modern beach and blown sands, probably contained low-magnesium calcite, aragonite and some high-magnesium calcite, all of skeletal origin. In meteoric water the dissolution has occurred of all carbonate within minute, tubulelike, volumes of sand. Concurrent deposition in adjacent volumes of sand of low-magnesium calcite formed cements that are irregularly nodular or uneven on a small scale. Aragonite within the minute nodules has been replaced paramorphically by low-magnesium calcite. Additional local carbonate cements were formed at later dates, around and within solution pipes.     

Source,timing, frequency and flux of ice‐rafted detritus to the Northeast Atlantic margin, 30–12 ka: testing the Heinrich precursor hypothesis

Haapaniemi, A.I., Scourse, J.D., Peck, V.L., Kennedy, H., Kennedy, P., Hemming, S.R., Furze, M.F.A., Pieńkowski, A.J., Austin, W.E.N., Walden, J., Wadsworth, E. & Hall, I.R. 2010: Source, timing, frequency and flux of ice‐rafted detritus to the Northeast Atlantic margin, 30–12 ka: testing the Heinrich precursor hypothesis. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 576–591. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00141.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Increased fluxes of ice‐rafted detritus (IRD) from European ice sheets have been documented some 1000–1500 years before the arrival of Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS)‐sourced IRD during Heinrich (H) events. These early fluxes have become known as ‘precursor events’, and it has been suggested that they have mechanistic significance in the propagation of H events. Here we present a re‐analysis of one of the main cores used to generate the precursor concept, OMEX‐2K from the Goban Spur covering the last 30 ka, in order to identify whether the British–Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) IRD fluxes occur only as precursors before H layers. IRD characterization and planktonic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O measurements constrained by a new age model have enabled the generation of a continuous record of IRD sources, timing, frequency and flux, and of local contemporary hydrographic conditions. The evidence indicates that BIIS IRD precursors are not uniquely, or mechanistically, linked to H events, but are part of the pervasive millennial‐scale cyclicity. Our results support an LIS source for the IRD comprising H layers, but the ambient glacial sections are dominated by assemblages typical of the Irish Sea Ice Stream. Light isotope excursions associated with H events are interpreted as resulting from the melting of the BIIS, with ice‐sheet destabilization attributed to eustatic jumps generated by LIS discharge during H events. This positive‐feedback mechanism probably caused similar responses in all circum‐Atlantic ice‐sheet margins, and the resulting gross freshwater flux contributed to the perturbation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during H events.