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151.
152.
海岸沙席形态及近表层沉积物粒度对台风的响应 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
依据2014年第10号强台风“麦德姆”登陆前后福建平潭岛典型海岸沙席的形态观测与近表层沉积物粒度数据,综合分析了海岸沙席对台风的响应特征。结果表明:① 海岸沙席形态对“麦德姆”的响应明显,主要表现为沙席前缘高程降低(最大侵蚀深度为0.40 m),中部变化较小(-0.06~0.09 m),后缘明显升高(最大堆积厚度为1.62 m),沙席体积增大2.02%。② 海岸沙席近表层沉积物粒度受“麦德姆”影响较小,其粒度参数在台风前后并无质的等级性变化。③ 海岸沙席的台风响应特征主要因台风过程中大风的非选择性侵蚀和搬运及海岸沙席与海滩沙粒度的相近性所造成的,同时也受到周边地势及植被等的影响。 相似文献
153.
西藏安多剖面沉积物粒度特征及环境意义 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
对西藏安多剖面的3个层位沉积物与两个现代流动沙丘表层沉积物粒度组成、传统粒度参数及体积分维值进行了对比分析,探讨其粒度特征以及环境指示意义。结果表明:安多剖面的3层代表了3个不同的气候阶段,第一层(0~172 cm)沉积动力为风,其中在0.44~1.08 m深度处是一次风力加强的阶段,第二层(172~224 cm)、第三层(224~232 cm)均在6 Φ附近出现次峰,悬浮组分明显增加,推断为远距离输送的粉砂级颗粒沉降,表明这两个阶段风力有所减弱;安多剖面颗粒比研究区现代流动沙丘颗粒细,表明剖面可能为固定或半固定沙丘沉积;本研究区样品的体积分维值在0.215~1.77,虽然没有实际的物理意义,但作为粒度参数指标,在指示环境变化上是有效的,并且与粘粒、粉砂含量呈现明显的正相关关系,与细砂呈现明显的负相关关系。 相似文献
154.
中国不同区域能源消费碳足迹的时空变化(英文) 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of pro-ductive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption. 相似文献
155.
永定河沉积物中磷的存在形态及其指示意义 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11
采集官厅水库的永定河入库口附近沉积物,采集深度77cm,以1cm做为一个层位单元进行分割,测定其中11个层位的总磷,同时对这些层位沉积物中二钙结合态磷、八钙结合态磷、铝结合态磷、铁结合态磷进行连续分级提取,有机磷通过灼烧法测定,残留态磷由总磷与上述五种形态磷差减确定。结果显示:沉积物中总磷含量在580.3~1276.2μg/g,主要成分为无机磷,平均占总磷的比例为88%;残留态磷为沉积物中磷的主要形态,含量占总磷50%以上。在沉积物深度75~20cm的沉积年份中,永定河向官厅水库输送的残留态磷量不断增加,且增速逐渐加快,主要为水土侵蚀的产物。从沉积深度20cm以来的沉积年份里,总磷的输入量不断减少,但以二钙结合态磷为主的生物有效磷输入量随总磷的含量降低而持续增加,主要来自工业和生活污水,反映了官厅水库上游永定河流域内工业和生活污水排放所占的比重日益增加,成为官厅水库富营养化污染的主要来源,以致官厅水库富营养化的趋势增强。 相似文献
156.
Recent advances in monsoon studies in China 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
This review provides a synopsis of the major progress that has been made in monsoon studies in China and to further bridge the gap between the Chinese and international meteorological community. It consists of seven major sections. After the introduction, the second section begins with the global monsoon systems and their seasonal variation, based on some new methods proposed in recent years. Besides, some major intraseasonal features of East Asian monsoon, including the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon are discussed. In the third section, we review the interactions between ENSO and the East Asian monsoon, focusing in particular on the results of Chinese meteorologists that indicate the influence of ENSO on the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) is obviously different from that on the tropical monsoon. Besides the tropical Pacific,other ocean basins, such as the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, are also important to the East Asian monsoon, and this topic is discussed in the fourth section. In the fifth section, we address the role of land surface processes in East Asian monsoon. For example, we describe work that has shown more snow cover in spring on the Tibetan Plateau is followed by a weakened EASM and more summer rainfall in the Yangtze River valleys. The sixth section focuses on the influence of atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere(SH) on EASM, demonstrating how the signal from the SH is likely to provide new clues for the seasonal forecasting of summer rainfall in China. Finally, in the seventh section, we concentrate on the interdecadal variations of EASM. In particular, we look at a significant interdecadal variation that occurred at the end of the 1970 s, and how our understanding of this feature could affect forecasting ability. 相似文献
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160.
Ten spinel-lherzolite inclusions and one olivine-websterite inclusion, which were collected from Fujian, Jiangsu, Hebei and Yunnan Provinces, consist of olivine (FΦ87.7–91.2), enstatite (En87.3–89.7), Cr-diopside and spinel. According to the Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) ratios in the rocks and their mineralogies, they are designated to the Cr-diopside type. The websterite is composed of bronzite (En71.9) and augite, while the gabbro-norite consists of hypersthene (En68.9) and augite, belonging to the Al-augite type. The geothermos of spinel-lherzolites were calculated with four geothermometric methods, giving a temperature range of 925°–1,072°C. However, according to P. R. A. Wells' method, temperatures range from 845δ to 1,014°C, and by D. H. Lindsly's approach, from 716°–974°C. Pressures range from 15.1 to 19.8 kb. Genetically, Spinel-lherzolites and olivine-websterite are thought to have been derived from residual mantle material by partial melting at approximately 1,000°C and at a depth of about 50–70 km. Websterite and gabbro-norite may be products of the crystallization-differentiation of alkali basaltic magma. 相似文献