闽粤台琼海岸大震构造的定量标志：兼论定性标志

本文论述闽粤台琼海岸大震区的莫霍面隆起幅度、第四纪抬升幅度和晚全新世海岸抬升幅度为主的大震构造的定量标志,以及某些定性标志。另外,对地表隆起带的定量标志研究方法作了简要地叙述。我国台湾是世界著名的新构造带和大震区.福建、广东和海南各有一个海岸大震区。这些大震区海岸必然遗留下许多地壳活动的遗迹。其中海岸活动遗迹,由于海平面作标志面,则可确定某一个时期的海岸升降幅度,甚至正反向的升降周期和升降速率。     

Seasonal Stratification Characteristics of Vertical Profiles of Water Body in Lake Lugu

For the purpose of exploring seasonal stratification characteristics of water hydrochemistry, the seasonal dynamics and vertical thermal stratification of water temperature in Lake Lugu, the vertical profiles of water temperature (Temp), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) of Lake Lugu were monitored in January, April, July and October 2015, respectively. The results indicated that water body of Lake Lugu appeared thermal stratification in spring, summer and autumn, however, in winter, the water temperature in vertical direction was homogeneous. The thermocline was located between 10 and 25 m, nevertheless, it moved down to range from 20 to 30 m in autumn. In addition, water temperature in hypolimnion was maintained almost as a constant and consistent with annual temperature, indicating water body was stable all along. The results showed that the thermal stratification had some influences on vertical distributions of DO, EC, pH and Chl-a. The significant stratification of DO, EC and pH was found, especially in summer, DO and pH values in thermocline peaked due to greatly stable thermal stratification and temperature increase. In hypolimnion, DO concentration and pH value were very small. Moreover, Chl-a concentration was higher in the surface and lower in the bottom water, implying that human should be highly alter to prevent the emergence of a large area of algae in Lake Lugu. EC took on decreasing variation, besides, lower in the thermocline. While,Lugu Lake water salinity was lower and substantially constant (~ 0.10‰), without considering the effects of salinity, both in vertical sections and in epilimnion, thermocline and hypolimnion, there all existed a simple linear function of the relationship between EC andwater temperature, showing that Lugu Lake was affected by natural climate and keeps natural state.     

右江盆地三叠纪岩层极低级变质作用及地球动力学意义

右江盆地三叠纪槽盆相浊流沉积岩系遭受过区域极低级变质作用。依据地质观察和伊利石结晶度、绿泥石-云母堆垛集合体、标志性粘土矿物及白云母(伊利石)b0参数测定资料,阐述了泥质岩石的成岩变质作用经浅层(近)变质作用到浅变质作用的转换特征。变质温度区间为150-350℃,低压类型,具高地温梯度(40-43℃/km).变质级及亚带总体与地层时代及岩层在地层柱中的位置有耦合关系,而与区域变形强度无关。最后指出区域极低级变质作用是印支-燕山构造旋回早期及区域变形前的地质事件,属于地壳伸展构造背景下右江边缘型盆地内部的埋藏型变质作用。     

Volcanism at the Permian-Triassic Boundary in South China and Its Effects on Mass Extinction

This paper discusses the clayrocks widespread at the Permian-Triassic boundary, which are mostly of volcanic origin. Volcanogenetic textures, structures and minerals such as high-temperature quartz are found in clayrocks at the Permian-Triassic boundary in many places. Thousands of microspherules have been collected from the Boundary clayrocks, many of which exhibit the typical features of the process from melting to cooling and solidification. indicating that they were formed by volcanic eruption or extraterrestrial impact. Volcanic effects on the Permian-Triassic mass extinction may be reflected in conodonts, algae and ammonoids. The Boundary clayrocks are found in many Permian-Triassic sections along the coast of Tethys. Their orighin remains to be studied.     

断层圈闭形成机制及时空配置有效性评价——以歧口凹陷歧南斜坡为例

断层的分段生长和连接控制着断层圈闭的形成,为了研究断层形成过程对圈闭形成的控制作用,应用位移/离距法和位移梯度比法判别断层相互作用阶段,落实断层圈闭的空间匹配有效性。针对空间匹配的断层圈闭,应用最大断距相减法开展断层圈闭形成时期的研究,在成藏关键时期前形成的断层圈闭是油气有利聚集的部位。本文以歧口凹陷歧南斜坡的南大港同向断层与扣村反向断层为例,开展断层圈闭时空配置有效性评价,研究结果表明油气多分布在同时具备空间和时间匹配有效的断层圈闭内,仅具备空间或时间匹配有效性的断层圈闭中未见油气聚集。因此,通过对未钻探断层圈闭开展时空匹配有效性评价,能够有效地降低勘探开发的风险。     

A forecasting model for wave heights based on a long short-term memory neural network

To explore new operational forecasting methods of waves, a forecasting model for wave heights at three stations in the Bohai Sea has been developed. This model is based on long short-term memory(LSTM) neural network with sea surface wind and wave heights as training samples. The prediction performance of the model is evaluated,and the error analysis shows that when using the same set of numerically predicted sea surface wind as input, the prediction error produced by the proposed LSTM model at S...     

济阳坳陷东部长堤走滑断裂带构造特征及演化过程

济阳坳陷东部长堤断裂是一条特征明显的走滑断裂带,以T2地震反射层（沙河街组二段底面反射层）为界,发育深层次和浅层次两套断裂系统。深层次断裂系统为长堤走滑断裂带的主体,发育R-P断层组合,剖面上呈丝带状构造样式,平面上呈发辫状构造样式;浅层次断裂系统由一组近南北向左阶羽状雁列带组成,雁列带中的每条断层为近南北向走滑断裂的T断层。Es3-Es2下期,长堤走滑断裂带开始活动,发育深层次断裂系统,系由济阳坳陷和渤中坳陷之间的构造调节作用所造成;Es上2-Ed期,发育浅层次断裂系统,与长堤深层次断裂持续活动以及沉积盖层的逐渐增厚有关,同时,郯庐断裂带开始对研究区的构造格局产生影响;Ng-Nm期,研究区处在巨大的北东向走滑递进应变带中,长堤近南北向走滑断裂带让位于郯庐断裂带控制的北东向走滑体系。     

成都金沙遗址区全新统震积岩的发现及其地质意义

震积岩是灾变性事件岩的典型代表,是具有震积构造和震积岩序列有一定成因联系的一组岩石的总称。成都金沙遗址区全新统地层中首次发现震积岩,该地层自下而上为底部砾石层、中部暗色(含炭)泥质层、上部褐黄色土壤层,整体属河流冲积物。通过野外观察,研究区发育一组走向SE120°的正断层,断层两盘的底部砾石层顶界面有明显的错断。构成地垒构造;在IT6511、IT6610层位中的断层带中见明显阶梯状断裂,其以张性正断层为主,断距约为10~90cm。在靠近阶梯状断裂的IT6512、IT6613-6614层位中发现一系列地震成因的软沉积物变形标志及破裂构造,包括砂土液化(脉)、液化卷曲变形构造、负载构造、微断裂、地裂缝、震塌岩等。分析认为这些软沉积物变形标志及破裂构造是由同期地壳活动引起的地震作用形成的。金沙遗址区震积岩的发现,对研究四川盆地全新世以来的古环境有重要意义。     

基于70 m3膨胀云室的暖云滴谱试验研究

为开展云降水微物理过程机理和机制室内试验研究,设计建造北京气溶胶与云相互作用云室（Beijing aerosol and cloud interaction chamber,BACIC）,搭建完整的气溶胶、云滴谱及常规气象要素测量系统,并于2019—2021年开展暖云试验。结果表明：BACIC能够模拟大气绝热膨胀成云过程,结果符合云微物理基本原理,云雾环境维持时间为5~10 min,达到开展相关科学问题研究的基本要求。利用环境气溶胶开展膨胀试验,测量显示气溶胶数浓度为10000 cm-3和2500 cm-3环境下,成云云滴数浓度分别为2500 cm-3和200~400 cm-3,云滴平均直径分别为8 μm和15~25 μm;上升速度为14.3 m·s-1和2.09 m·s-1时,气溶胶成云活化率分别为42%和17%;气溶胶成云活化率的敏感区域位于气溶胶数浓度小于5000 cm-3的区域;可定量化分析上升速度、气溶胶数浓度与云滴谱特征的相关关系。不同吸湿特性材料的暖云膨胀试验显示：污染背景下开展亚微米级别吸湿性催化剂播撒会导致云滴谱变窄,表明人工消减暖云或雾应采用大粒径催化剂。     

1954—2004年珠江三角洲大气能见度变化趋势

利用珠江三角洲5个城市气象观测站 (广州、深圳、台山、惠州、高要) 的长期能见度观测资料, 采用累积百分率、Ridit分析法和烟幕/霾日频率3种统计分析方法, 分析了1954—2004年珠江三角洲能见度变化趋势, 初步探讨了珠江三角洲大气环境的变化特征及其可能原因。结果表明:近50年来, 珠江三角洲城市能见度呈显著下降趋势。能见度的下降起始于20世纪70年代初, 并在经济高速发展的80—90年代初进一步恶化, 90年代中期之后虽然能见度变化趋于平缓, 但能见度下降的趋势仍未从根本上改变。珠江三角洲能见度与当地的人口增加和经济发展程度有密切的关系, 同时污染物的区域输送对西部下风向城市能见度也有很大影响。珠江三角洲能见度未得到有效改善的主要原因, 很可能是由于细粒子污染, 尤其是二次粒子前体物如SO2和NOX等的排放未得到有效控制。