A framework for creating and validating a non-linear spectrum-biomass model to estimate the secondary succession biomass in moist tropical forests

Uncertainties remain in the use of remote sensing technologies to provide validated model-derived estimates of the biomass of the secondary succession (SS) forests in the Amazon Basin. The objectives of this study were to develop a modeling framework for creating a valid spectrum-biomass model to estimate the SS biomass, to assess the utility of the framework and the accuracy and validity of the model, and to identify the model’s determinants. Data sources for this study include 1992–1993 vegetation inventory data and 1991 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data on the Altamira region of Para, Brazil, and 1994–1995 vegetation inventory data and 1994 Landsat TM data on the nearby Bragantina region. The allometric approach was used to estimate the biomass of the sampled sites based on the vegetation inventory data. A framework for the spectrum-biomass regression model was developed based on the estimated biomass of the sampled sites and the Landsat data. The framework includes (1) the pooling of data from Bragantina and the use of ANCOVA to justify this approach; (2) image calibration; (3) biomass data age-adjustment, (4) selection of independent variables, (5) regression model development, and (6) model assessment and validation. The cubic regression model with TM Band5-related predictors was found to best fit the data as evidenced by an adjusted R-squared value of 0.865, mean square error (MSE) of the model, and the analysis of residuals. Residual analysis showed that the model might yield a better estimation on a lower biomass values than on higher biomass values. In addition, further analyses identified several determinants that can impact the accuracy of the spectrum-biomass model. ANCOVA confirmed that the relationship between the biomass and the spectrum is independent of the Altamira and Bragantina regions, and that it was appropriate to pool sampled data from both regions in the proposed model. The model development methodology and the model produced from this research will be of value to researchers using the spectrum-biomass modeling approaches to estimate the biomass and study the SS rates in moist tropical forests.     

西南三江流域地质环境遥感综合评价方法初探

以TM影像获取的地质环境信息为基础,采用多因子赋值定量评价法对西南三江流域地质环境稳定性进行分析评价,将其划分为稳定区、较稳定区、较不稳定区和不稳定区4个级别,为区域性地质环境遥感综合评价提出了新的思路和方法。     

不使用双线性对的无证书认证协议

基于离散对数问题,提出了一种不使用双线性对的无证书签密方案。利用该签密方案,提出了一种高效的、不使用双线性对的无证书认证协议,并在CK模型下提供安全性证明。分析表明,该协议具有双向实体认证、完美的向前保密性等安全属性,满足了认证的安全需求。此外,该认证协议仅需进行1次对称加密、3次指数运算和1轮通信即可完成,通信开销小,计算量较低。     

利用信任评估进行匿名认证路由协议

根据动态统计节点的行为,引入一种信任评估系统,使节点及时地发现网络中的恶意行为,保证在路由建立过程中各节点不承担过重的安全任务,降低路由协议的复杂度。在路由建立前,完成通信节点与CA的匿名双向认证,有效防止中间人的攻击。提出在路由表中存储节点匿名身份的哈希路由登记表,保证网络匿名安全性的同时,避免重复发起路由,提高路由查找的效率。基于Diffie-Hellman密钥交换算法,完成会话密钥协商。本协议结合对称密码体制和公钥密码体制,结构简单、有效。     

基于GIS的交通压力分析辅助城市规划系统初探

提出基于GIS的交通压力分析评价信息系统的构想,并对系统的设计及各个功能模块和数据库的实现方法进行了探讨和分析。     

藏西地区多幅ETM遥感影像的镶嵌方法

利用现有遥感图像镶嵌技术,基于ENVI遥感图像处理软件,以藏西多幅ETM遥感的镶嵌为例,利用色调调整,以及边缘羽化等方法,研究出一套简单易行且效果较好的镶嵌方案,为大量遥感影像的镶嵌工作节约时间和工作量。     

高精度GPS测量在南极内陆测绘中的应用研究

作者作为测绘工作者随第24次内陆冰盖队进行了内陆科学考察,获得了一批重要的科学实验数据。本文根据内陆独特的地理位置,结合数据处理的过程,阐述了数据处理中引用国际GPS连续运行站的必要性,讨论了观测时间的长短对GPS定位精度的影响程度,总结出了其相互制约关系。对今后的南极测绘考察提出了良好的建议。     

欧洲空间信息基础设施综述

欧洲空间信息基础设施(INSPIRE)是欧洲委员会于2007年提出的。介绍了INSPIRE的内容、目的、构成、基本原则、特点、涉及的标准、数据结构,以及相关的34个数据专题,指出了它在现阶段对欧洲各个国家的要求,以及目前的现状和未来的发展趋势。     

城市建设用地遥感信息提取方法研究

本文利用CBERS-02B影像,通过分析各个地类的光谱特征,发现了长沙市城市建设用地和其他背景地物的区别,并在此基础上选取了土壤调节植被指数(SAVI)、归一化水体指数(NDWI)和比值居民地指数(RRI)作为三个指数波段,重新进行波段组合,从而减少了波段数据的冗余,最后采用最大似然法分类,提取出城市建设用地信息,其正确率达到85.6%。     

九瑞矿集区重磁三维约束反演及深部找矿意义

研究九瑞矿集区成矿地层和岩体的三维分布特征可为区域成矿背景和成矿规律研究提供新的信息,实现研究区深部及外围找矿突破.本文首先综合分析研究区区域地质及地层和岩石密度和磁化率特征,然后将区域地质和12条地质剖面信息利用自行开发的GIF2UBCmodel程序构建剩余密度和磁化率参考模型和上下边界约束模型,实现了带约束重磁数据三维反演.反演结果揭示九瑞矿集区剩余密度和磁化率三维分布特征,解译了矿集区主要地层和岩体分布特征.该区存在邓家山—东雷湾以及武山—丁家山两个大型岩体;盖层褶皱与结晶基底隆起方向一致,是深部基地隆起的继承.通过与矿集区已知矿床对比发现,高磁性岩体边缘和基底隆起(高密度体)两翼为成矿有利区.