达摩沟泥石流形成的物质条件分析及防治对策

北京市门头沟区清水镇达摩沟历史上曾发生多次严重泥石流灾害。根据该流域泥石流的灾害历史和发育特征,采用现场调查、地质勘查和室内试验等方法,分析了其形成的地质地貌条件、气象水文条件、土壤植被条件及人类工程活动的影响,查明了达摩沟泥石流为降雨激发的高容重低粘性的过渡或稀性沟谷形泥石流。采用颗粒分析、电镜扫描、X射线衍射分析和室内物理力学性质试验等方法重点对物质条件进行了较为全面深入的研究,提出了以生物措施为主、工程措施为辅,治理与环境保护、经济发展相结合,泥石流监测预警体系和应急体系建设相结合等综合防治措施。     

Tropical Hong Kong: Narratives of absence and presence in Hollywood and Hong Kong films of the 1950s and 1960s

Despite being subtropical, Hong Kong, in both Hollywood and Hong Kong films of the 1950s and 1960s, is often filmically represented as tropical. This subtle climatic elision, I argue, holds a particular political valence that varies according to filmic tradition. In Hollywood narratives, Hong Kong's tropicality is a means to exoticize and, ultimately, marginalize the realities of the local. It is a way to turn Hong Kong's physical presence into an absence. In Hong Kong films in that same cold war environment, the relative blandness of the city is an attempt to realign its film industry with the free nations of Southeast Asia. For Hong Kong films, the strategy of tropicalization was thus a means to turn away from China and redefine Hong Kong as part of a network of capitalist, modern, overseas Chinese cities located in the sunny tropics of Southeast Asia.     

利用GPS与InSAR融合提高形变监测精度方法研究

提出一种GPS+InSAR+CR(角反射器)的融合方法,经过论证和前期的一些实证工作,认为该方法是可行的,能对多种误差因素进行削弱和较大程度上提高形变监测精度.     

固城湖沉积物中羟基酸和α,ω—二元酸的组成分布及其地球化学意义

对固城湖沉积物中呈不同赋存状态的羟基酸和α,ω－二元酸进行了分析,结果表明,在相对含量上,游离类脂组分中的羟基酸和二元酸低于呈结合态和强结合态存在的对应羟基酸和二元酸,指示了类脂质。尤其是基极性组分在早期成岩作用过程中的稳定性较差。由游离类脂→结合态类脂→强结合太类脂,其中β－羟基酸的业源渐趋于单一化,其生源指示意义更加明确。在固城湖沉积剖面１２．２８ｍ之上和之下,沉积物中的强结合态β－羟在酸的分     

On Temporal Variation of the 0.511 MeV Line in A Solar Flare

The time profile of the 0.511 MeV line flux for the flare of 16 December 1988 is studied. Differing from previous conclusions, we found that a fixed spectral index cannot fit the observations. It is shown that a good fit can be realized if the spectral index varies with time. But the same good fit can be also obtained if the conversion factor of positrons to the 0.511 MeV photons changes with time. At present it is very difficult to say which situation is more practical.     

煤层底板隔水层阻抗高压水侵入机理及其控制因素

通过专门设计的物理模型,模拟了不同水文地质与工程地质性质的阻水岩层对其底板高压水侵入过程的阻抗能力,以及不同水压条件下高压水侵入导升过程中的水头损耗。得出了高压水在侵入导升带内的水头损耗分布特点及数量特征;研究了高压水在其上覆阻水岩层中的侵入高度及其最终驻点的残余水头压力;重新评价和改进了突水系数的计算方法。结果表明:隔水层的原始导高带对含水层水头具有较大的消减作用,作用于有效隔水层的实际水头压力远小于含水层的水头压力。      

汶川地震同震形变场对川滇地区主要活动断裂地震发生趋势的影响

以所建立的川滇地区主要活动块体及其周边断裂带的模型和前期利用GPS及水准资料反演所得到的断裂带长期运动速率作为基础,将汶川地震引起的同震错动量加入到三维断裂几何模型中,计算出汶川地震大范围的同震形变场,然后基于该同震形变场和活动断裂三维几何模型反演了各条断裂对该同震形变场的反映,并通过与各断裂带长期运动速率对比,得到了汶川地震对川滇地区各主要活动断裂带发震趋势的影响．结果表明,在汶川地震引起的同震形变场作用下,在川滇交界东部地区,龙门山断裂带南西段地震危险性提前了305a,鲜水河断裂带南东段大致提前了19a,安宁河断裂带和则木河断裂带分别提前了21a和12a,大凉山断裂带北段和南段分别提前了9.1a和18a,马边断裂带的地震危险性则提前了51a;对川滇交界西部的丽江——小金河断裂带南西段、怒江断裂带、龙陵——澜沧断裂带、南汀河断裂带、中甸断裂带等断裂带地震的能量积累也有促进作用;相反在鲜水河断裂带北西段、小江断裂带等历史地震频发的断裂带上,地震危险性具有一定的减速作用．      

GPS monitoring of temporal deformation of the Xianshuihe fault

Highly precise (σ ~1 mm) temporal deformation measurements are taken across the Xianshuihe fault from two pairs of continuous GPS stations straddling the fault. Baseline vector changes of the two pairs of stations show clearly the difference in deformation behavior between the Qianning and Daofu segments of the fault: the former deforms steadily, and the latter deforms with a strong transient component. The transient deformation across the Daofu segment is possibly related to its irregular geometry, where the fault splits into two branches, that is, the east and west branches. An attempt is made to interpret the baseline vector changes using a kinematic fault model composed of a brittle layer in the upper crust, a ductile layer in the lower crust, and a transition zone in between. The slip in the transition zone of the south segment of the Xianshuihe fault is steady. The slips in the transition zones of the north and Daofu segments of the Xianshuihe fault, however, are not steady, and the average slip rates there are higher than that of the south segment. The difference in deformation behavior is probably associated with the rheological properties of the fault interface, suggesting that the overall fault strength of the south segment is greater than those of the north and Daofu segments, corresponding to longer earthquake recurrence time.     

射线交点法在煤矿地测信息系统绘制任意切剖面时的应用

将点在多边形内的检测常用算法———射线交点法,应用到封闭区域钻孔的搜索中,并对任意切剖面时钻孔的搜索技术进行了深入的探讨。      

广州麓湖大气多环芳烃的干湿沉降

以广州麓湖为小型城市湖泊的代表,对大气中多环芳烃的颗粒态沉降进行了连续一年的采样与分析. 结果表明,年均颗粒态多环芳烃的沉降通量为0.47mg/( m2·a). 全年直接由大气输入到麓湖的颗粒态多环芳烃总量约为0.1kg. 不同季节相比,夏季多环芳烃的沉降通量略高于秋季,而冬春季最高. 对比大气总悬浮颗粒物中多环芳烃的组成发现,当降雨量增大时,沉降颗粒物中多环芳烃的组成逐渐趋近于大气总悬浮物中多环芳烃的组成. 广州地区雨热同期、干冷咸至的季风气候特点,以及由此导致的大气颗粒物粒径变化和PAHs的气-粒分配变化,与大气PAHs污染程度一起,共同控制着沉降颗粒物中PAHs相对组成的季节变化.