试论上海地质灾害的特点与对策

前言地处长江入口,东海之滨的上海,地势低平、海拨不足4米。第四系覆盖层厚达300米,下伏基岩经多次构造运动,断裂丛生互相切割,错纵复杂。频繁的人类活动,催化了生态环境的恶化。从地表到地下,从陆地到水域,上海隐伏着多种地质灾害。这些地质灾害,又各具特点。为了上海的安全,有必要提出来加以研究,寻找对策,积极防治。并提高到灾害学高度来加以认识。     

试论涠洲岛地下淡水资源特征

涠洲岛是北部湾中的一个小岛,它是由火山岩和松散沉积物堆积而成。它有典型的海蚀地貌特征。该岛风光秀丽、四季宜人、雨量充沛。此地水文地质条件良好,有可供3万——5万居民饮用的地下水,实属一个尚待开发的旅游区。     

The role of internal variability in multi-decadal trends of summer rainfall over East Asia–Northwest Pacific

Climate Dynamics - The impacts of internal variability on East Asia–Northwest Pacific (EA–NWP) summer rainfall trends on the multidecadal time scale are invested based on three large...     

Remote and in situ measurements of aerosol concentration in the Arctic troposphere from the Yak-42D “Roshydromet” research aircraft

The results are presented of measurements of aerosol content at different heights in the Arctic troposphere in the area of Naryan-Mar city and the Yamal Peninsula on June 24, 2014 using in situ and remote instruments installed on the Yak-42D "Roshydromet" research aircraft. The maximum aerosol content was detected in the layer up to 3000 m, and the aerosol concentration in the troposphere over the Yamal Peninsula is higher than that in the area of Naryan-Mar by 100 times. The in situ aircraft instrument measured the number concentration of black carbon particles in the tropospheric aerosol. To identify the sources of aerosol in the Arctic troposphere during airborne measurements the air mass trajectory analysis was performed. Simulations were conducted using the TRACAO trajectory model and FLEXPART particle dispersion model. The possible contribution of long-range and local transport of industrial pollutants to the Arctic troposphere was analyzed. The air mass transport was simulated using the trajectory model. Model computations of aerosol concentration in the troposphere using the satellite data on the gas flaring incite that the high content of black carbon in the lower troposphere over the Yamal Peninsula was caused by its transfer from the oil-producing areas located on the adjoining territory of Russia. The contribution of long-range transport of pollutants from industrial enterprises in Western Europe to the Arctic area under study was insignificant in the period under consideration.     

2006年广安特大伏旱成因分析

从青藏高原积雪以及北半球极涡面积指数、海温等方面对广安2006年特大伏旱的气候成因进行了分析,指出冬春青藏高原积雪,北半球极涡面积指数、海温等对广安伏旱预测有重要指示意义.     

Peculiarities of the structure and conditions of formation of the Chin Shan porphyry-copper-gold deposit (People’s Republic of China)

The Chin Shan porphyry copper-gold deposit is located in the south of China in Fujian province. This is a large deposit containing more than 1000 t industrial reserves of gold and more than 0.5 mln. t of copper. It is related to a very complex polygenic and polychronic type of porphyritic plutonogenic hydrothermal deposits formed during the final stage of the formation of volcano-plutonic granite dioritic complex of the Cretaceous age. Later post-magmatic fluids of the Late Mesozoic (Kimmeridgian) epoch of tectonic magmatic activation also took part in ore formation. The gold-silver and polymetallic activation is related to precisely this epoch. The modern shape of the deposit and all industrial ores appeared in the Quaternary period during the formation of the unique extended oxidation zone.     

纵横波弹性阻抗联立反演在GD地区的应用

在GD油田复杂油藏描述中应用叠前纵横波弹性阻抗反演,精确地进行了油藏岩性的划分。利用三个或三个以上部分叠加数据,进行纵横波弹性阻抗联立反演,既克服了因叠后地震反演结果单一而不能满足复杂储层描述的需求,又避免了由于叠前道集信噪比低造成反演结果不稳定的缺陷。本文论述了叠前弹性波阻抗反演的基本原理,结合GD地区实际资料,对反演过程中涉及的角道集子波提取、层位标定、横波速度预测、弹性参数提取与解释等关键步骤进行了详细研究,指出基于测井资料分析的多种弹性参数综合解释是提高叠前地震反演应用效果的关键。     

不同基质中三氯乙烯的好氧代谢研究

本实验选取了苯酚、苯甲酸、苯、甲苯、氯苯等五种化合物作为活性污泥的驯化基质，以瓦呼仪作为测试手段，分析了五种基质在驯化后的活性污泥中的可降解性及三氯乙烯（TCE）在不同基质驯化后的活性污泥中的可生化性，并用计算出的12h有机物氧化率表征有机物的可生化性难易度。苯酚、苯甲酸、甲苯、苯在40mg／L时的氧化率达到最大值，分别为93．71％、64．67％、39．24％、9．15％。氯苯仅在20mg／L时可降解，氧化率为46．09％，据此推断出几种代谢基质的可降解性从易到难的顺序为：苯酚〉苯甲酸〉甲苯〉苯〉氯苯。在甲苯、苯酚、苯甲酸、氯苯驯化后的活性污泥中TCE在50μg／L时，其氧化率达到最大值，分别为54．14％、33．69％、23．91％、21．11％。在苯驯化后的活性污泥中TCE仅在10μg／L时可降解，氧化率为13．8％。据此可推断出TCE在五种代谢基质中的可生化性从高到低的顺序为：甲苯〉苯酚〉苯甲酸〉氯苯〉苯。     

海底天然气水合物的饱和度预测技术

海底天然气水合物的储量主要取决于水合物的分布面积、水合物稳定带的厚度、沉积层的孔隙度及水合物的饱和度 (或充填率 )等 ,其中水合物在沉积物孔隙中的饱和度对其储量的估计具有重要意义。目前很难通过原地直接测量来获得这种饱和度数据 ,一般根据地球化学或地球物理方法取得。水合物饱和度预测技术主要有 :利用岩心孔隙水氯离子浓度、地球物理测井、地震波速度等间接手段。每一种技术都不是完善的 ,而海底含水合物的沉积物又是一个复杂的系统 ,在预测中应根据实际情况选择比较合适的方法 ,并尽量选择一种以上的方法或模型作多方法校正