On the long-term seismic hazard analysis in the Zhangjiakou–Penglai seismotectonic zone, China

The Zhangjiakou–Penglai seismotectonic zone (ZPSZ) lies in the northern part of North China and extends along the Zhangjiakou–Beijing–Tianjin–Bohai Bay–Penglai–Yellow Sea. It is about 900 km long and some 250 km wide in a northwest direction. The great Sanhe-Pinggu (M_S=8.0) earthquake occurred on September 1679 and the Tangshan (M_S=7.8) earthquake on July 1976 caused serious economic and life losses. According to some differences in crust structure and regional tectonic stress field, the ZPSZ is divided into western and eastern segment by the 117°E line for study on long-term seismic hazard analysis. An analysis of Gutenberg–Richter's empirical relation of earthquake-frequency and time process of historic and recent earthquakes along the eastern and western segments shows that the earthquake activity obeys a Poisson process, and these calculations indicate that the earthquake occurrence probability of M_S=6.0–6.9 is 0.77–0.83 in the eastern segment and the earthquake occurrence probability of M_S=7.0–7.9 is 0.78–0.80 in the western segment of the ZPSZ during a period from 2005 to 2015.     

Energetic Particles Observed in the CUSP Region During a Storm Recovery Phase

In this paper we report energetic ion behavior and its composition variations observed by the Cluster/RAPID instrument when the spacecraft was travelling in the high latitude magnetospheric boundary region on the day of the 31 March, 2001, strongest magnetic storm in the past 50 years. The Dst index reached −360 nT at about 09:00 UT. During its early recovery phase, large amounts of oxygen and helium ions were observed; the ratio of oxygen to hydrogen in the RAPID energy range reached as high as 250%, which suggests that the observed energetic particles might be of magnetospheric origin. The observations further show that enhanced energetic electron fluxes are confined in a very narrow region, while protons have occupied a larger region, and heavy ions have been observed in an even larger region. The flux of energetic electrons show a slight enhancement in a region where the magnetic field magnitude is around zero. These observed energetic ions could be quasi-trapped by the current sheet in the stagnation region of the cusp.     

The effects of land use on runoff and soil nutrient losses in a gully catchment of the hilly areas： implications for erosion control

1 Introduction Soiland waterlossisoneofthe worldwide environm entalissuesthreatening sustainable land use in semiarid areas.However,soiland water loss is highly variable in space and time,and its variability resultsfrom m any factorsoperating ata wide ran…     

腾冲地热水化学特征及腐蚀机理探讨

本文从腾冲地热成因的角度,分析其地热水化学的总体特征和赋存规律。在此基础上对地热水ｐＨ值、流速、溶解氧、ＣＯ２及Ｃｌ＾－、ＳＯ４＾２－、ＳｉＯ３＾２－、Ｃａ＾２等对金属材料的腐蚀机理进行讨论。     

反向断裂下盘较顺向断裂上盘更易富集油气机理的定量解释

为了研究含油气盆地中断裂对油气成藏与分布的控制作用,在断层侧向封闭机理及影响因素研究的基础上,对反向断裂下盘较顺向断裂上盘更易富集油气的机理进行了定量解释。结果表明,无论是反向断裂还是顺向断裂,均源于断层岩封闭油气,断层岩油气运移方向排替压力是影响其侧向封闭油气能力的主要因素。在断裂埋深、断裂倾角和地层岩性、地层倾角相同的条件下,理论上反向断裂断层岩泥质体积分数大于顺向断裂断层岩泥质体积分数,即反向断裂断层岩油气运移方向排替压力大于顺向断裂断层岩油气运移方向排替压力,反向断裂侧向封闭能力强于顺向断裂侧向封闭能力,造成反向断裂下盘较顺向断裂上盘更易富集油气。歧口凹陷板桥断裂下盘沙一段下部断层岩在反向条件和顺向条件下油气运移方向排替压力的实例研究结果表明,反向条件下较顺向条件下在油气运移方向有更高的排替压力,侧向封闭能力更强,更有利于油气在板桥断裂下盘沙一段储层中富集。     

从黄铁矿特征论380地区金鸡岭岩体外带铀矿床成矿机理

本文以铀矿区广泛发育的黄铁矿为研究对象，通过成因矿物学方法探讨金鸡岭岩体外带铀矿床的成矿机理；论证了矿质来源于岩体的围岩，与花岗岩关系不密切；岩体侵位所引起的围岩热变质作用，以及由此而产生的变质热液，是导致成矿物质重新活化、迁移和富集成矿的根本原因。     

对矿物包裹体溶液性质的新认识——兼论含矿溶液是酸性溶液的地质证据

对金属矿床成矿溶液的性质 ,特别是 pH值 (酸碱度 )的确定 ,是认识含矿溶液的成因、成矿条件和成矿机理的关键。目前对成矿溶液性质的研究主要局限在对围岩蚀变矿物包裹体的测定方面 ,并得出近中性热卤水成矿的结论。作者认为 ,多数围岩蚀变矿物的包裹体溶液不能代表原成矿溶液的性质 ,“近中性的热卤水成矿”的认识有误 ,应是酸性水形成的含矿溶液成矿 ,并从矿物包裹体溶液的特征、Roedder的高金属含量的矿物包裹体溶液的发现、氢氧同位素资料、矿物包裹体中高卤水溶液的起源以及成矿溶液的演化机理等方面论述了酸性金属含矿溶液的成因及成矿演化过程。     

原油族组分成气的化学动力学模型及其标定

利用等温密封热解实验技术及恒速升温热解实验与PY—GC分析技术的结合,本文分别建立并标定了原油中各族组分,即饱和烃、芳烃、非烃和沥青质成气的化学动力学模型。结果表明,原油中不同族组分成气的过程均可用平行一级反应描述,但不同组分在平均活化能及活化能分布上有明显的差异。各族组分在地史过程中成气的过程可由各自的化学动力学模型来描述。这将使原油成气过程的定量、动态描述成为可能。