棉粕蛋白酶解物对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)消化、生长和胰蛋白酶mRNA表达量的影响

以棉粕蛋白为酶解底物,用枯草杆菌蛋白酶对其进行酶解,以酶解产物1.5%和3.0%两个梯度等量替代鱼饲料配方中棉粕,在室内流水养殖系统中喂养异育银鲫鱼种[体重为(30±2)g]65天。测定鱼的生长、营养物质表观消化率、消化蛋白酶活性及肝胰脏中胰蛋白酶mRNA表达水平等指标。结果表明,添加1.5%和3.0%棉粕酶解产物的鱼在饲养35天后的特定增长率(SGR)分别比对照组高32.5%和56.7%,且差异显著(P<0.05);在饲养65天后,两组特定增长率分别比对照组高8.0%和21.0%,且差异极显著(P<0.01),肝胰脏中胰蛋白酶mRNA表达水平也随棉粕酶解产物添加梯度提高而相应提高,表明鱼的生长与消化蛋白酶mRNA表达水平相关。同时棉粕蛋白酶解物对肠道蛋白酶的活性和营养物质表观消化率都有促进作用,而棉粕蛋白酶解物对鱼肌肉成分并没有改变,这也表明棉粕蛋白酶解物在促进鱼生长、内源酶活性同时并未降低鱼的品质。     

A new type of Shipboard Meteorological Satellite Receiving-processing System

INTRODUCTIONTheSMSRPSisstalledontheshipnavigatingovertheseaandreceivessatellitecloudmapsatanytimetoprovidereliablereal-timedataofmeteorologyandocean.Itisanimportantequipmentforsafeguardofshipnavigation.Chinahasthousandsofoceanicships.Butalmostallships,withonlyveryfewexception,arenotstalledbySMSRPS.Thecausesareasfollows:1.Thetechniqueisverycomplicated.2.Thedevelopmentcostisveryhigh.3.Ifweintroduceforeignequipment,thecostistooexpensive.4.Foreignequipmentanditssoftwarearecompletelyclo…     

利用卫星遥感资料对南海北部陆架海洋表层温度锋的分析

利用7年(1993～1999)月平均的SST卫星遥感资料，分析了南海北部陆架区域海洋表层温度锋在一年中的逐月变化特征，表明南海北部陆架海洋表层温度锋存在明显的季节内变化。结合风场的卫星遥感资料，分析了东北季风对南海北部陆架温度锋的影响，表明东北季风风速的增加有利于温度锋强度的增强。通过对黑潮南海流套入侵较强的1999年2月与流套入侵较弱的1998年2月的SST卫星遥感资料的对比分析，考察了黑潮南海流套的入侵对南海北部陆架温度锋的影响，结果表明黑潮流套的较强入侵能够增加陆架温度锋的强度，对温度锋的走向也会产生一定的影响。     

东海大规模赤潮危害影响的实验研究——对黑褐新糠虾和卤虫的毒性效应

The effects of Prorocentrum donghaiense,Karenia mikimotoi,Alexandrium catenella,the causative species of Harmful Algal Blooms in the East China Sea,on the survival and growth of Neomysis awatschensis and Artemia salina were investigated.And the toxicity of eleven strains of Alexandrium----A.lusitanicum(AL-1)、A.minutum(AM-1)、A.spp.(A-K)、A.tamarense(ATHK,ATCI02,ATCI03,AT5-1,AT5-3,AT-6)、A.affine(AS-1,AC-1) to the two above organisms were compared. The results showed that P.donghaiense and K.mikimotoi had no adverse effect on the survival and growth of N.awatschensis and A.salina at 96h.However,the survival rate of N.awatschensis and A.salina declined linearly with the increasing density of A.catenella,and the 96h LC₅₀ for N.awatschensis and A.salina was 4500 and 460 cells/mL,respectively, Five strains of Alexandrium----A.spp,A.lusitanicum (AL-1),A.tamarense(AT5-3,AT-6) and A.affine (AS-1)at the density of 4000cells/mL and 96h had no adverse impacts on N.awatschensis. But other six strains of Alexandrium a.Tamarense(AT5-1,ATHK,ATCI02,ATCI03),A.affine(AC-1) and A.minutum(AM-1)decreased the survival fate of N.awatschensis significantly. Two strains of Alexandrium----A.lusitanicum(AL-1) and A.tamarense(AT-6),at the density of 500cells/mL. had no adverse effects on A.salina in 96h;while the other Alexandrium strains all had adverse effeets on the survival of a.salina, A.salina could increase its length with the increasing density of P.donghaiense,K.mikimotoi and A.luxitanicum. The results indicate that P.donghaiense and K.mikimotoi have nio significant effect on the survival of crustaeean zoop lankton in a short period. But several Alexandrium specised/strains could influence the survival of crustacean zooplankton likely by non-PSP substances. A.salina is shown to be more sensitive than N.awatschensis as test organisms to harmful species.     

利用卫星遥感监测南极海冰的研究和进展

本文是根据南极“八五”国家攻关课题中的“南极海冰监测和预报”的考核目标，实现为南极考察船在 冰区中航行提供精确和清晰的冰图和预报。     

渤海湾及其附近海域沉积物中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd环境背景值的研究

根据渤海湾及其毗邻河口区10柱岩芯样细颗粒（＜0．063mm）（GF 1983－1985年采集）中重金属含量特点，结合^216Pb年代学编年资料，用未受人类影响沉积层中元素含量，藉统计学方法获得渤海湾岩芯样中Cu，Pb，Zn，Cd的分布类型，并根据各区重金属的含量水平，用t检验法获得了渤海湾Cu，Pb，Zn，Cd的环境背景值。     

渤海生态动力过程的模型研究 Ⅱ.营养盐以及叶绿素a的季节变化

利用在本系列研究第一部分中所建立的耦合的生物物理模型,模拟了渤海浮游植物生物量和营养盐含量的年度循环特征.模拟结果显示:藻类的春季水华是由经过一冬积累在水体中的营养盐导致,而水华开始的时间在浅水区明显早于深水区,对此深水区水体层化结构的形成可能起着重要作用;另一方面,河载营养盐与悬起的沉积物所释放的营养盐是诱发夏季水华的共同原因.基于模型结果,我们还发现:渤海的浮游植物动力特性就整体而言依然受无机氮限制,但是在莱州湾,磷限制特性表现得非常明显,这主要是由于每年黄河都要携带大量的无机氮进入海水,从而导致莱州湾营养盐的氮磷比已远远超过16.     

不同氮源对微小亚历山大藻生长和毒素产生的影响

通过尿素、氯化铵、酵母浸出粉和硝酸钠等氮源对微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)生长及毒素产生的影响研究,分析了微小亚历山大藻对不同氮源利用状况的差异.结果表明,在氮饥饿条件下,加入硝酸钠和酵母浸出粉能显著促进微小亚历山大藻的生长;高浓度的氯化铵在加入后对微小亚历山大藻有一定的毒性效应,表现为生长停滞,但毒性效应在5 d后消失,并得到与添加硝酸钠及酵母浸出粉相似的增长速率0.21 d-1;添加尿素对微小亚历山大藻的生长没有显著促进作用.在四种氮源中,尿素对微小亚历山大藻毒素产生的刺激作用也最弱,在稳定期每个细胞藻细胞毒素含量维持在6.00~8.00 fmol;添加硝酸钠、氯化铵和酵母浸出粉的藻细胞在稳定期毒素含量分别达到11.85,12.86和14.64 fmol.硝酸钠和氯化铵刺激藻毒素产生的效果比酵母浸出粉更为直接.四种含氮营养盐对微小亚历山大藻毒素组成的影响都很小.     

Occurrence of Organic Matter in Calcimicrobialites across Permian-Triassic Boundary in Huayingshan Region, Sichuan, South China

Calcimicrobialites across the Permian-Triassic boundary in Huayingshan (华蓥山) region were investigated using the fluorescence microscopic measurements to understand the occurrence of organic matter. The microbialites are composed of micrite matrix and coarse spar cement. Abundant rhombic or magnetic needle-like carbonate minerals were observed adrift within the cement. The fluorescence microscopic measurement indicates the micrite matrix in microbialites shows the most abundant organic matter, with the rhombic or magnetic needle-like carbonate minerals and coarse spar cement coming to the 2nd and the 3rd, respectively. Organic matter is mainly preserved in the space between the grains of the micrite minerals but almost evenly distributed in the rhombic or magnetic needle-like carbonate minerals. As one of the common diagenesis types, dolomitization is observed to occur in the microbialites in Huayingshan. However, the carbonate cement in microbialites still has high content of element Sr as shown by the microprobe analysis, reflecting that the dolomitization might have happened in a restricted environment. Observation under the fluorescence microscope shows that dolomitization just led to the redistribution of organic matter in the grain space of dolomite minerals, inferring that the diagenesis has a slight effect on the preservation, and thus on the content of organic matter in the microbialites.     

植被波谱空间尺度效应及尺度转换方法初步研究

基于遥感图像的地物识别需要大量地物波谱数据的支持,而现有地物波谱库中收集到的同一地物的波谱,由于其测量尺度和方法的差异,波谱也存在很大差异.以冬小麦为例,首先介绍了材料波谱、端元波谱和像元波谱这3种不同尺度波谱的概念,并以实验数据分析了不同测量尺度下波谱的差别,以此说明波谱尺度转换的必要性.然后利用物理模型和统计模型建立不同测量尺度下的波谱转换关系.分别验证了SAILH模型和线性光谱混合模型在波谱转换中的精度.研究表明,在大尺度上采用统计模型,在小尺度上采用非线性的物理模型可以解释不同尺度观测植被波谱之间的差异.